Implementation of Spore Display in with Different Hydrolytic Enzymes.

Biotechnological processes are essential for producing climate-friendly high-value chemicals or pharmaceutical compounds, which can include steps catalyzed by enzymes. Therefore, establishing new, robust, and cheap enzyme production processes is desirable. One possible way to enhance processes is through the use of the spore display method.

Lateral Dermal Penetration Is Dependent on the Lipophilicity of Active Ingredients.

Introduction: With its large surface area, skin facilitates a topical administration of active ingredients, and thus percutaneous delivery to a specific target site. Due to its high barrier function and different diffusion characteristics, skin governs the efficacy of these active ingredients and a bioavailability in the epidermal and dermal tissue.

Objective: In order to characterize the vertical and lateral movement of molecules into and inside the skin, the diffusivity of active ingredients with different physicochemical properties and their penetration ability in different dermal skin layers was investigated.

Comparison of Membrane Depth Determination Techniques for Active Ingredient Skin Penetration Studies Using Microdialysis.

Introduction: The skin is a major physical barrier to the environment, and thus, percutaneous delivery of active ingredients to the dermal target site faces a unique set of hurdles. The efficacy of these active ingredients is governed by their release into the underlying epidermal and dermal tissue, especially when administered topically.

Objective: The aim of this study was to understand if different physicochemical properties influence the skin penetration of active ingredients and the depth to which they penetrate into the dermis.