Human neural network activity reacts to gravity changes .

During spaceflight, humans experience a variety of physiological changes due to deviations from familiar earth conditions. Specifically, the lack of gravity is responsible for many effects observed in returning astronauts. These impairments can include structural as well as functional changes of the brain and a decline in cognitive performance.

Role of Ion Distribution and Energy Barriers for Concerted Motion of Subunits in Selectivity Filter Gating of a K Channel.

Most potassium channels have two main gate locations, hosting an inner gate at the cytosolic entrance and a filter gate in the selectivity filter; the function of these gates is in many channels coupled. To obtain exclusive insights into the molecular mechanisms that determine opening and closing of the filter gate, we use a combination of single-channel recordings and gating analysis in the minimal viral channel Kcv. This channel has no inner gate, and its fast closing at negative voltages can therefore be entirely assigned to the filter gate.