Comparative Phenotyping of Mice Reveals Canonical and Noncanonical Physiological Functions of TRα and TRβ.

Thyroid hormone (TH) effects are mediated through TH receptors (TRs), TRα1, TRβ1, and TRβ2. The TRs bind to the DNA and regulate expression of TH target genes (canonical signaling). In addition, they mediate activation of signaling pathways (noncanonical signaling).

Guideline adherence of tumor board recommendations in lung cancer and transfer into clinical practice.

Purpose: Evaluating patients and treatment decisions in a multidisciplinary tumor board has led to better quality of care and longer survival in cancer patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate tumor board recommendations for thoracic oncology patients regarding guideline adherence and transferal of recommendations into clinical practice.

Methods: We evaluated tumor board recommendations of the thoracic oncology tumor board at Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU) Hospital Munich between 2014 and 2016.

Engaging learners with games-Insights from functional near-infrared spectroscopy.

The use of game elements in learning tasks is thought to facilitate emotional and behavioral responses as well as learner engagement. So far, however, little is known about the underlying neural mechanisms of game-based learning. In the current study, we added game elements to a number line estimation task assessing fraction understanding and compared brain activation patterns to a non-game-based task version.

Quality standards for managing children and adolescents with bronchiectasis: an international consensus.

The global burden of bronchiectasis in children and adolescents is being recognised increasingly. However, marked inequity exists between, and within, settings and countries for resources and standards of care afforded to children and adolescents with bronchiectasis compared with those with other chronic lung diseases. The European Respiratory Society (ERS) clinical practice guideline for the management of bronchiectasis in children and adolescents was published recently.

Evolution of non-thyroidal illness syndrome in acute decompensation of liver cirrhosis and acute-on-chronic liver failure.

Background And Aims: Non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) is frequent in critically ill patients and associated with adverse outcomes. We aimed to characterize the evolution of NTIS in patients with acute decompensation (AD) of cirrhosis and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), since NTIS is not well described in these newly defined syndromes.

Methods: Thyroid hormones (TH) were quantified at baseline in consecutive patients with cirrhosis.

Therapeutic Suggestions During General Anesthesia Reduce Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in High-Risk Patients - A Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are one of the most adverse events after general anesthesia, a distressing experience, and pose a risk to the patient. Despite advances in drug prophylaxis and PONV treatment, the incidence remains high and additional non-pharmacological treatments are needed. In this analysis of a recently published double-blind multicenter randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of intraoperative therapeutic suggestions on postoperative opioid dosage, we analyzed the effects of intraoperative therapeutic suggestions on PONV.

Relationship between age at initiation of cysteamine treatment, adherence with therapy, and glomerular kidney function in infantile nephropathic cystinosis.

Infantile nephropathic cystinosis, due to impaired transport of cystine out of lysosomes, occurs with an incidence of 1 in 100-200,000 live births. It is characterized by renal Fanconi syndrome in the first year of life and glomerular dysfunction progression to end-stage kidney disease by approximately 10 years of age. Treatment with oral cysteamine therapy helps preserve glomerular function, but affected individuals eventually require kidney replacement therapy.

Developmental Trajectories in Diagnostic Reasoning: Understanding Data Are Confounded Develops Independently of Choosing Informative Interventions to Resolve Confounded Data.

Two facets of diagnostic reasoning related to scientific thinking are recognizing the difference between confounded and unconfounded evidence and selecting appropriate interventions that could provide learners the evidence necessary to make an appropriate causal conclusion (i.e., the control-of-variables strategy).

Goal-Based Binding of Irrelevant Stimulus Features for Action Slips.

Binding between representations of stimuli and actions and later retrieval of these compounds provide efficient shortcuts in action control. Recent observations indicate that these mechanisms are not only effective when action episodes go as planned, but they also seem to be at play when actions go awry. Moreover, the human cognitive system even corrects traces of error commission on the fly because it binds the intended but not actually executed response to concurrent task-relevant stimuli, thus enabling retrieval of a correct, but not actually executed response when encountering the stimulus again.

Evaluating students' engagement with an online learning environment during and after COVID-19 related school closures: A survival analysis approach.

Background: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic schools all over the world were closed and thereby students had to be instructed from distance. Consequently, the use of online learning environments for online distance learning increased massively. However, the perseverance of using online learning environments during and after school closures remains to be investigated.

Mortality and morbidity 1 year after stopping a remote patient management intervention: extended follow-up results from the telemedical interventional management in patients with heart failure II (TIM-HF2) randomised trial.

Background: The Telemedical Interventional Management in Heart Failure II (TIM-HF2) trial showed that, compared with usual care, a structured remote patient management (RPM) intervention done over 12-months reduced the percentage of days lost due to unplanned cardiovascular hospitalisations and all-cause death. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether this clinical benefit seen for the RPM group during the initial 12 month follow-up of the TIM-HF2 trial would be sustained 1 year after stopping the RPM intervention.

Methods: TIM-HF2 was a prospective, randomised, multicentre trial done in 43 hospitals, 60 cardiology practices, and 87 general practitioners in Germany.

The Role of Congruency for Distractor-Response Binding: A Caveat.

Responding in the presence of stimuli leads to an integration of stimulus features and response features into event files, which can later be retrieved to assist action control. This integration mechanism is not limited to target stimuli, but can also include distractors (distractor-response binding). A recurring research question is which factors determine whether or not distractors are integrated.

Survival of Melancholia: a Retrospective Study of Patients with Depressive Disorders.

Background: The DSM-IV and the DSM-5 eliminated the importance of the syndromal identity of melancholic depression in favour of a dimensional model within the domain of major depressive disorders. Melancholic depression was excluded from DSM as a distinct disorder owing to the impact of ageing, genetics, and course of illness. We challenge these assertions using retrospective data collected from patients with depression.

The report of the joint WPA/CINP workgroup on the use and usefulness of antipsychotic medication in the treatment of schizophrenia.

This is a report of a joint World Psychiatric Association/International College of Neuropsychopharmacology (WPA/CINP) workgroup concerning the risk/benefit ratio of antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia. It utilized a selective but, within topic, comprehensive review of the literature, taking into consideration all the recently discussed arguments on the matter and avoiding taking sides when the results in the literature were equivocal. The workgroup's conclusions suggested that antipsychotics are efficacious both during the acute and the maintenance phase, and that the current data do not support the existence of a supersensitivity rebound psychosis.

The CINP Guidelines on the Definition and Evidence-Based Interventions for Treatment-Resistant Bipolar Disorder.

Background: Resistant bipolar disorder is a major mental health problem related to significant disability and overall cost. The aim of the current study was to perform a systematic review of the literature concerning (1) the definition of treatment resistance in bipolar disorder, (2) its clinical and (3) neurobiological correlates, and (4) the evidence-based treatment options for treatment-resistant bipolar disorder and for eventually developing guidelines for the treatment of this condition.

Materials And Methods: The PRISMA method was used to identify all published papers relevant to the definition of treatment resistance in bipolar disorder and the associated evidence-based treatment options.

Presence of Antibodies against Bluetongue Virus (BTV) in Sheep 5 to 7.5 Years after Vaccination with Inactivated BTV-8 Vaccines.

Thirty-six female sheep, previously vaccinated against Bluetongue virus serotype 8 (BTV-8) using inactivated vaccines, were included in this field study. In Germany, vaccination was compulsory in 2008 and 2009, voluntary in 2010 and early 2011, and later, was prohibited in 2011. Due to their age, eighteen sheep had been vaccinated for two or more consecutive years, while a further eighteen animals had only been vaccinated once or not at all.

Biomarker guidance allows a more personalized allocation of patients for remote patient management in heart failure: results from the TIM-HF2 trial.

Aims: The TIM-HF2 study showed less days lost due to unplanned cardiovascular hospitalization or all-cause death and improved survival in patients randomly assigned to remote patient management (RPM) instead of standard of care.

Methods And Results: This substudy explored whether the biomarkers mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) could be used to identify low-risk patients unlikely to benefit from RPM, thereby allowing more efficient allocation of the intervention. For 1538 patients of the trial (median age 73 years, interquartile range 64-78 years, 30% female), baseline biomarkers were used to select subpopulations recommended for RPM with various safety endpoints (100%, 98%, 95% sensitivity), and efficacy of RPM was assessed.

Benzodiazepines in anxiety disorders: Reassessment of usefulness and safety.

Benzodiazepines (BZs) are still widely prescribed for the treatment of anxiety disorders despite many publications in the literature which favour antidepressants (ADs) instead. What is the evidence? Treatment guidelines favour ADs over BZs for treatment of anxiety disorders without any head-to-head comparison of both drug groups with placebo. BZs are claimed to cause less efficacy and more safety issues than ADs, yet ADs also cause disturbing adverse events and, similar to BZs, discontinuation symptoms.

C-Type Lectin Receptor (CLR)-Fc Fusion Proteins As Tools to Screen for Novel CLR/Bacteria Interactions: An Exemplary Study on Preselected Isolates.

C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are carbohydrate-binding receptors that recognize their ligands often in a Ca-dependent manner. Upon ligand binding, myeloid CLRs in innate immunity trigger or inhibit a variety of signaling pathways, thus initiating or modulating effector functions such as cytokine production, phagocytosis, and antigen presentation. CLRs bind to various pathogens, including viruses, fungi, parasites, and bacteria.

Ventilation inhomogeneity in obstructive lung diseases measured by electrical impedance tomography: a simulation study.

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) has mostly been used in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) to monitor ventilation distribution but is also promising for the diagnosis in spontaneously breathing patients with obstructive lung diseases. Beside tomographic images, several numerical measures have been proposed to quantitatively assess the lung state. In this study two common measures, the 'Global Inhomogeneity Index' and the 'Coefficient of Variation' were compared regarding their capability to reflect the severity of lung obstruction.

Reversing ADP-ribosylation.

The modification of serines by molecules of ADP-ribose plays an important role in signaling that the DNA in a cell has been damaged and needs to be repaired.