Clinical subtypes in patients with isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder.

Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) show a broad heterogeneity in clinical presentation, and subtypes may already arise in prodromal disease stages. Isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD) is the most specific marker of prodromal PD, but data on clinical subtyping of patients with iRBD remain scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to identify iRBD subtypes.

Disruption of Sleep Microarchitecture Is a Sensitive and Early Marker of Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Although sleep disturbances are highly prevalent in patients with Parkinson's disease, sleep macroarchitecture metrics show only minor changes.

Objective: To assess alterations of the cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) as a critical feature of sleep microarchitecture in patients with prodromal, recent, and established Parkinson's disease.

Methods: We evaluated overnight polysomnography for classic sleep macroarchitecture and CAP metrics in 68 patients at various disease stages and compared results to 22 age- and sex-matched controls.

Robustness of individualized inferences from longitudinal resting state EEG dynamics.

Tracking how individual human brains change over extended timescales is crucial to clinical scenarios ranging from stroke recovery to healthy aging. The use of resting state (RS) activity for tracking is a promising possibility. However, it is unresolved how a person's RS activity over time can be decoded to distinguish neurophysiological changes from confounding cognitive variability.

Microsleep disturbances are associated with noradrenergic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.

Study Objectives: Parkinson's disease (PD) commonly involves degeneration of sleep-wake regulating brainstem nuclei; likewise, sleep-wake disturbances are highly prevalent in PD patients. As polysomnography macroparameters typically show only minor changes in PD, we investigated sleep microstructure, particularly cyclic alternating pattern (CAP), and its relation to alterations of the noradrenergic system in these patients.

Methods: We analyzed 27 PD patients and 13 healthy control (HC) subjects who underwent overnight polysomnography and 11C-MeNER positron emission tomography for evaluation of noradrenaline transporter density.

Differences in Characteristics of Error-Related Potentials Between Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury and Age- and Sex-Matched Able-Bodied Controls.

Non-invasive brain-computer interfaces (BCI) represent an emerging technology for enabling persons with impaired or lost grasping and reaching functions due to high spinal cord injury (SCI) to control assistive devices. A major drawback of BCIs is a high rate of false classifications. The robustness and performance of BCIs might be improved using cerebral electrophysiological correlates of error recognition (error-related potentials, ErrPs).

Sensory Feedback Interferes with Mu Rhythm Based Detection of Motor Commands from Electroencephalographic Signals.

Electroencephalogram (EEG)-based brain-computer interfaces (BCI) represent a promising component of restorative motor therapies in individuals with partial paralysis. However, in those patients, sensory functions such as proprioception are at least partly preserved. The aim of this study was to investigate whether afferent feedback interferes with the BCI-based detection of efferent motor commands during execution of movements.