A framework to automatically detect near-falls using a wearable inertial measurement cluster.

Accurate and automatic assessments of body segment kinematics via wearable sensors are essential to provide new insights into the complex interactions between active lifestyle and fall risk in various populations. To remotely assess near-falls due to balance disturbances in daily life, current approaches primarily rely on biased questionnaires, while contemporary data-driven research focuses on preliminary fall-related scenarios. Here, we worked on an automated framework based on accurate trunk kinematics, enabling the detection of near-fall scenarios during locomotion.

Trophic Positions of Polyp and Medusa Stages of the Freshwater Jellyfish Based on Stable Isotope Analysis.

When species spread into new regions, competition with native species and predatory-prey relationships play a major role in whether the new species can successfully establish itself in the recipient food web and become invasive. In aquatic habitats, species with a metagenetic life cycle, such as the freshwater jellyfish with benthic polyps and planktonic medusae, have to meet the requirements of two distinct life stages occurring in two habitats with different food webs. Here, we examined the trophic position of both life stages, known to be predatory, and compared their niches with those of putative native competitors using stable isotope analysis.

Distribution in Equine Lymphoid and Neural Tissues 70 Days Post Infection.

Equid herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) causes respiratory disease, abortion and myeloencephalopathy in horses worldwide. As member of the , latency is key to EHV-1 epidemiology. EHV-1 latent infection has been detected in the trigeminal ganglion (TG), respiratory associated lymphoid tissue (RALT) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) but additional locations are likely.

Viral Load and Cell Tropism During Early Latent Equid Herpesvirus 1 Infection Differ Over Time in Lymphoid and Neural Tissue Samples From Experimentally Infected Horses.

Upper respiratory tract infections with Equid Herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) typically result in a peripheral blood mononuclear cell-associated viremia, which can lead to vasculopathy in the central nervous system. Primary EHV-1 infection also likely establishes latency in trigeminal ganglia (TG) via retrograde axonal transport and in respiratory tract-associated lymphatic tissue. However, latency establishment and reactivation are poorly understood.

Cytonuclear diversity and shared mitochondrial haplotypes among Daphnia galeata populations separated by seven thousand kilometres.

Background: The zooplanktonic cladocerans Daphnia, present in a wide range of water bodies, are an important component of freshwater ecosystems. In contrast to their high dispersal capacity through diapausing eggs carried by waterfowl, Daphnia often exhibit strong population genetic differentiation. Here, to test for common patterns in the population genetic structure of a widespread Holarctic species, D.

Daphnia parasite dynamics across multiple Caullerya epidemics indicate selection against common parasite genotypes.

Studies of parasite population dynamics in natural systems are crucial for our understanding of host-parasite coevolutionary processes. Some field studies have reported that host genotype frequencies in natural populations change over time according to parasite-driven negative frequency-dependent selection. However, the temporal patterns of parasite genotypes have rarely been investigated.

Iterations of computer- and template assisted mandibular or maxillary reconstruction with free flaps containing the lateral scapular border--Evolution of a biplanar plug-on cutting guide.

Background: Computer-assisted planning and intraoperative implementation using templates have become appreciated modalities in craniofacial reconstruction with fibula and DCIA flaps due to saving in operation time, improved accuracy of osteotomies and easy insetting. Up to now, a similar development for flaps from the subscapular vascular system, namely the lateral scapular border and tip, has not been addressed in the literature.

Patients/method: A cohort of 12 patients who underwent mandibular (n = 10) or maxillary (n = 2) reconstruction with free flaps containing the lateral scapular border and tip using computer-assisted planning, stereolithography (STL) models and selective laser sintered (SLS) templates for bone contouring and sub-segmentation osteotomies was reviewed focussing on iterations in the design of computer generated tools and templates.

Parental and hybrid Daphnia from the D. longispina complex: long-term dynamics in genetic structure and significance of overwintering modes.

In recent decades, hybridization has become a focus of attention because of its role in evolutionary processes. However, little is known about changes in genetic structure within and between parental species and hybrids over time. Here, we studied processes of genetic change in parental species and hybrids from the Daphnia longispina complex (Crustacea, Cladocera) over a period of six years across ten habitats.

Extreme Environments Facilitate Hybrid Superiority - The Story of a Successful Daphnia galeata × longispina Hybrid Clone.

Hybridization within the animal kingdom has long been underestimated. Hybrids have often been considered less fit than their parental species. In the present study, we observed that the Daphnia community of a small lake was dominated by a single D.

Patient-specific reconstruction plates are the missing link in computer-assisted mandibular reconstruction: A showcase for technical description.

Introduction: Preoperative planning of mandibular reconstruction has moved from mechanical simulation by dental model casts or stereolithographic models into an almost completely virtual environment. CAD/CAM applications allow a high level of accuracy by providing a custom template-assisted contouring approach for bone flaps. However, the clinical accuracy of CAD reconstruction is limited by the use of prebent reconstruction plates, an analogue step in an otherwise digital workstream.

Genetic structure of Daphnia galeata populations in Eastern China.

This study presents the first examination of the genetic structure of Daphnia longispina complex populations in Eastern China. Only one species, D. galeata, was present across the eight investigated lakes; as identified by taxon assignment using allelic variation at 15 microsatellite loci.

The Quantification of Representative Sequences pipeline for amplicon sequencing: case study on within-population ITS1 sequence variation in a microparasite infecting Daphnia.

Next generation sequencing (NGS) platforms are replacing traditional molecular biology protocols like cloning and Sanger sequencing. However, accuracy of NGS platforms has rarely been measured when quantifying relative frequencies of genotypes or taxa within populations. Here we developed a new bioinformatic pipeline (QRS) that pools similar sequence variants and estimates their frequencies in NGS data sets from populations or communities.

Population structure of a microparasite infecting Daphnia: spatio-temporal dynamics.

Background: Detailed knowledge of spatial and temporal variation in the genetic population structure of hosts and parasites is required for understanding of host - parasite coevolution. As hot-spots of contemporary coevolution in natural systems are difficult to detect and long-term studies are restricted to few systems, additional population genetic data from various host - parasite systems may provide important insights into the topic. This is particularly true for parasites, as these players have been under-investigated so far due to the lower availability of suitable molecular markers.

Hybridizing Daphnia communities from ten neighbouring lakes: spatio-temporal dynamics, local processes, gene flow and invasiveness.

Background: In natural communities of cyclical parthenogens, rapid response to environmental change is enabled by switching between two reproduction modes. While long periods of asexual reproduction allow some clones to outcompete others, and may result in "clonal erosion", sexual reproduction restores genetic variation in such systems. Moreover, sexual reproduction may result in the formation of interspecific hybrids.

Capturing the population structure of microparasites: using ITS-sequence data and a pooled DNA approach.

The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA is a common marker not only for the molecular identification of different taxa and strains, but also for the analysis of population structure of wild microparasite communities. Importantly, the multicopy nature of this region allows the amplification of low-quantity samples of the target DNA, a common problem in studies on unicellular, unculturable microparasites. We analysed ITS sequences from the protozoan parasite Caullerya mesnili (class Ichthyosporea) infecting waterflea (Daphnia) hosts, across several host population samples.

Transmission mode affects the population genetic structure of Daphnia parasites.

Parasite life cycle variation can shape parasite evolution, by predisposing them towards different population genetic structures. We compared the population genetic structure of two co-occurring parasite species of Daphnia, to collect evidence for their expected transmission modes. The ichthyosporean Caullerya mesnili has a direct life cycle, whereas the microsporidian Berwaldia schaefernai is hypothesized to require passage through a secondary host.

Clonal diversity, clonal persistence and rapid taxon replacement in natural populations of species and hybrids of the Daphnia longispina complex.

Hybridization is common among cyclical parthenogens, especially in zooplankton species assemblages of the genus Daphnia. To explore hybridization dynamics and the extent of clonal diversity in the Daphnia longispina complex, we analysed population structure in eight permanent lakes. Based on 15 microsatellite loci, three major taxonomic units emerged: two species, D.

Molecular identification and hidden diversity of novel Daphnia parasites from European lakes.

Parasites play important roles in local population dynamics and genetic structure. However, due to insufficient diagnostic tools, detailed host-parasite interactions may remain concealed by hidden parasite diversity in natural systems. Microscopic examination of 19 European lake Daphnia populations revealed the presence of three groups of parasites: fungi, microsporidia, and oomycetes.

Dynamic reticulate evolution in a Daphnia multispecies complex.

Recent genomic data suggest that the role of hybridization in evolution might be more important than previously assumed. Here, we examine species-specific differentiation and signatures of reticulation in a multi-species complex of the crustacean genus Daphnia. We did a combined examination of mtDNA, allozymes and ITS1 (a part of the nuclear ribosomal DNA) in the Daphnia longispina group.