Research Note: First evidence of infectious bronchitis virus Middle-East GI-23 lineage (Var2-like) in Germany.

The infectious bronchitis virus Middle-East GI-23 lineage (Var2-like) was observed on a German broiler farm, for the first time. The animals suffered from respiratory and nephropathogenic disease. Gross lesions observed during necropsy included tracheitis, aerosacculitis, and nephritis.

Implementation of a Risk-Orientated Hygiene Analysis for the Control of Salmonella JAVA in the Broiler Production.

This field study aimed to establish a risk-orientated hygiene analysis on two broiler farms in Northwestern Germany for the practical use in broiler housing to evaluate the success of disinfection procedures for eradicating S. Java. The risk-orientated hygiene analysis enables fast, reproducible and cost-effective testing of broiler farms and in turn helps minimize the public health risk ensuing from S.

Impact of DUSP1 on the apoptotic potential of deoxynivalenol in the epithelial cell line HepG2.

The trichothecene deoxynivalenol (DON) is the most common mycotoxin contaminant of cereal-based food products. Several studies revealed DON as a potent inducer of the three major mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Until now, little is known about the role of negative regulators of MAPK pathway in the cellular response to DON.

Cytotoxicity of the Bacillus cereus Nhe enterotoxin requires specific binding order of its three exoprotein components.

This study focuses on the interaction of the three components of the Bacillus cereus Nhe enterotoxin with particular emphasis on the functional roles of NheB and NheC. The results demonstrated that both NheB and NheC were able to bind to Vero cells directly while NheA lacked this ability. It was also shown that Nhe-induced cytotoxicity required a specific binding order of the individual components whereby the presence of NheC in the priming step as well as the presence of NheA in the final incubation step was mandatory.

Induction of MAPK-dependent transcription factors by deoxynivalenol in human cell lines.

Contamination of cereals with the trichothecene deoxynivalenol (DON) is a global problem in agriculture. DON-related cytotoxicity results from inhibition of translation preceded by a ribotoxic stress response, which is characterized by phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases and activation of downstream transcription factors. In this study, we measured the expression of AP-1 associated transcription factor mRNA levels in six human cell lines (Hep-G2, A549, U937, A204, Jurkat, and CaCo-2) by using real-time RT-PCR.

Trichothecene-induced cytotoxicity on human cell lines.

Trichothecene cytotoxicity of type A (T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin), type B (deoxynivalenol, DON, and nivalenol, NIV), and type D (satratoxins G and H) compounds was determined comparatively by using eight permanent human cell lines (Hep-G2, A549, CaCo-2, HEp-2, A204, U937, RPMI 8226, and Jurkat). Viability of cells was measured by a water-soluble tetrazolium (WST-1) reagent cell proliferation assay assessing mitochondrial metabolic activity. Toxicity was expressed as the toxin concentration inhibiting 50% of cell viability (IC50).