Terminal settling and rising velocity prediction of macroplastics: Medical face masks as newly emerged objects of concern.

The widespread use of medical face masks during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has significantly increased plastic waste, with a considerable proportion of these masks ending up in the environment. As these masks are transported through wind and surface runoff, they accumulate in water bodies, leading to pollution and potential environmental risks. Understanding the transport behavior of these macroplastic items is crucial for addressing the pollution problem effectively.

Implications of a New Test Facility for Fragmentation Investigations on Virgin (Micro)plastics.

Littered plastics are partly introduced into water bodies, ultimately transporting this waste to the shores and oceans. At the shore, ultraviolet (UV) radiation (also present in other environmental compartments) and wave breaking cause plastics to degrade and fragment into smaller particles, called microplastics, if below 5 mm. Since these plastics' surfaces can act as vectors for hydrophobic (toxic) chemical substances (e.

Determination of Microplastics' Vertical Concentration Transport (Rouse) Profiles in Flumes.

The transport behavior of microplastics (MPs) in the fluvial environment is scarcely researched. Besides settling velocities and critical shear stress for erosion, only a few investigations aim at MPs' vertical concentration profile and the underlying theory required. Therefore, this paper's experiments investigate vertical concentration profiles of approximately spherical MP particles ( = 1-3 mm) with densities close to water (0.

From model to nature - A review on the transferability of marine (micro-) plastic fragmentation studies.

Microplastic research has experienced almost exponential growth in publications and proceeded faster than ever throughout the last years. This increase comes with a downside in terms of missing standardizations and definitions especially concerning experiments. Furthermore, incomparability and lacking transferability of fragmentation studies onto the marine environment still hinder more realistic extrapolations and accurate numerical models.

Settling and rising velocities of environmentally weathered micro- and macroplastic particles.

Microplastic is exposed to numerous weathering processes in the environment, which change particle properties and thus influence transport behaviors, including settling and rising velocities in aquatic environments. However, the extent to which particles in the environment differ from virgin particles in their transport behaviors has not yet been investigated. The settling and rising velocities of weathered fluvial microplastic and macroplastic particles collected from environmental samples are determined in this study and the transferability of theoretical approaches to predicting their transport behaviors is examined.

Metal salts and complexes of 1,1'-dinitramino-5,5'-bitetrazole.

Potassium 1,1'-dinitramino-5,5'-bitetrazolate is one of the most promising primary explosives which is currently under investigation for different applications. This is due to its high initiation power and the exclusion of heavy metals. To close the gap, the remaining alkali metal salts such as the lithium 6, sodium 7, rubidium 8 and cesium 9 salts were synthesized by reaction of the highly soluble ammonium salt 5 with its corresponding metal hydroxide solutions.