Glucose restriction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae modulates the phosphorylation pattern of the 20S proteasome and increases its activity.

Caloric restriction is known to extend the lifespan and/or improve diverse physiological parameters in a vast array of organisms. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, caloric restriction is performed by reducing the glucose concentration in the culture medium, a condition previously associated with increased chronological lifespan and 20S proteasome activity in cell extracts, which was not due to increased proteasome amounts in restricted cells. Herein, we sought to investigate the mechanisms through which glucose restriction improved proteasome activity and whether these activity changes were associated with modifications in the particle conformation.

Molecular insights on CALX-CBD12 interdomain dynamics from MD simulations, RDCs, and SAXS.

Na/Ca exchangers (NCXs) are secondary active transporters that couple the translocation of Na with the transport of Ca in the opposite direction. The exchanger is an essential Ca extrusion mechanism in excitable cells. It consists of a transmembrane domain and a large intracellular loop that contains two Ca-binding domains, CBD1 and CBD2.