Effect of Insecticides Imidacloprid and Alpha-Cypermethrin on the Development of Pea ( L.) Nodules.

Insecticides are used commonly in agricultural production to defend plants, including legumes, from insect pests. It is a known fact that insecticides can have a harmful effect on the legume-rhizobial symbiosis. In this study, the effects of systemic seed treatment insecticide Imidor Pro (imidacloprid) and foliar insecticide Faskord (alpha-cypermethrin) on the structural organization of pea ( L.

Dynamics of Hydrogen Peroxide Accumulation During Tip Growth of Infection Thread in Nodules and Cell Differentiation in Pea ( L.) Symbiotic Nodules.

Hydrogen peroxide (HO) in plants is produced in relatively large amounts and plays a universal role in plant defense and physiological responses, including the regulation of growth and development. In the -legume symbiosis, hydrogen peroxide plays an important signaling role throughout the development of this interaction. In the functioning nodule, HO has been shown to be involved in bacterial differentiation into the symbiotic form and in nodule senescence.

The Fungicide Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide Negatively Affects Plant Cell Walls, Infection Thread Walls, and Symbiosomes in Pea ( L.) Symbiotic Nodules.

In Russia, tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TMTD) is a fungicide widely used in the cultivation of legumes, including the pea (). Application of TMTD can negatively affect nodulation; nevertheless, its effect on the histological and ultrastructural organization of nodules has not previously been investigated. In this study, the effect of TMTD at three concentrations (0.