Long-Term Pantethine Treatment Counteracts Pathologic Gene Dysregulation and Decreases Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis in a Transgenic Mouse Model.

The low-molecular weight thiol pantethine, known as a hypolipidemic and hypocholesterolemic agent, is the major precursor of co-enzyme A. We have previously shown that pantethine treatment reduces amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced IL-1β release and alleviates pathological metabolic changes in primary astrocyte cultures. These properties of pantethine prompted us to investigate its potential benefits in vivo in the 5XFAD (Tg) mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Correction: Metabolic changes and inflammation in cultured astrocytes from the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease: Alleviation by pantethine.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Pantethine Down-Regulates Leukocyte Recruitment and Inflammatory Parameters in a Mouse Model of Allergic Airway Inflammation.

BACKGROUND Migration of leukocytes into airways is the hallmark of allergic asthma. The aim of this study was to target the pathological process using pantethine, a pleiotropic natural compound which has been recently shown to down-regulate chemokine-driven T cell migration. MATERIAL AND METHODS Mice were sensitized to the Leishmania LACK antigen, then treated or not treated with pantethine and exposed to LACK or saline aerosol.

Metabolic changes and inflammation in cultured astrocytes from the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease: Alleviation by pantethine.

Astrocytes play critical roles in central nervous system homeostasis and support of neuronal function. A better knowledge of their response may both help understand the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and implement new therapeutic strategies. We used the 5xFAD transgenic mouse model of AD (Tg thereafter) to generate astrocyte cultures and investigate the impact of the genotype on metabolic changes and astrocytes activation.

Effect of Pantethine on Ovarian Tumor Progression and Choline Metabolism.

Epithelial ovarian cancer remains the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancy among women in developed countries. New therapeutic strategies evaluated with relevant preclinical models are urgently needed to improve survival rates. Here, we have assessed the effect of pantethine on tumor growth and metabolism using magnetic resonance imaging and high-resolution proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in a model of ovarian cancer.

Molecular hydrogen attenuates radiation-induced nucleobase damage to DNA in aerated aqueous solutions.

Purpose: The main aim of the present study is to gain mechanistic insights into the modulating effect of molecular hydrogen on the γ-radiation-induced alteration pathways of DNA nucleobases.

Materials And Methods: Aerated aqueous solutions of calf thymus DNA were exposed to a (60)Co source at doses ranging from 0 to 55 Gy under normoxic conditions, in the presence or not of 0.7 MPa hydrogen or helium.

Pantethine Alters Lipid Composition and Cholesterol Content of Membrane Rafts, With Down-Regulation of CXCL12-Induced T Cell Migration.

Pantethine, a natural low-molecular-weight thiol, shows a broad activity in a large range of essential cellular pathways. It has been long known as a hypolipidemic and hypocholesterolemic agent. We have recently shown that it exerts a neuroprotective action in mouse models of cerebral malaria and Parkinson's disease through multiple mechanisms.

Enhancement of L-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase activity and circulating ketone body levels by pantethine. Relevance to dopaminergic injury.

Background: The administration of the ketone bodies hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate is known to exert a protective effect against metabolic disorders associated with cerebral pathologies. This suggests that the enhancement of their endogenous production might be a rational therapeutic approach. Ketone bodies are generated by fatty acid beta-oxidation, a process involving a mitochondrial oxido-reductase superfamily, with fatty acid-CoA thioesters as substrates.

Protection against cerebral malaria by the low-molecular-weight thiol pantethine.

We report that administration of the low-molecular-weight thiol pantethine prevented the cerebral syndrome in Plasmodium berghei ANKA-infected mice. The protection was associated with an impairment of the host response to the infection, with in particular a decrease of circulating microparticles and preservation of the blood-brain barrier integrity. Parasite development was unaffected.

Circulating markers of oxidative stress and liver fibrosis in Sudanese subjects at risk of schistosomiasis and hepatitis.

Epidemiological studies in the developing world are frequently biased by the simultaneous presence of several infectious pathogens. In the present study, we examined the usefulness of circulating markers of oxidative stress and liver fibrosis to investigate the distinct forms of chronic liver inflammations associated with schistosomiasis and viral hepatitis, respectively. The study was performed in a Sudanese population exposed to Schistosoma.

Experimental schistosomiasis, protective aspects of granulomatous reaction in the mouse liver.

We show two mechanisms of liver protection by the granulomatous reaction against Schistosoma mansoni eggs entrapped in the organ. First, eosinophil peroxidase and its substrate H(2)O(2) are released by inflammatory cells in the immediate vicinity of the parasite eggs. The efficiency of this process was demonstrated by administration of antioxidants to infected mice.

Vanin-1(-/-) mice show decreased NSAID- and Schistosoma-induced intestinal inflammation associated with higher glutathione stores.

Vanin-1 is a membrane-anchored pantetheinase highly expressed in the gut and liver. It hydrolyzes pantetheine to pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) and the low-molecular-weight thiol cysteamine. The latter is believed to be a key regulating factor of several essential metabolic pathways, acting through sulfhydryl-disulfide exchange reactions between sulfhydryl groups of the enzymes and the oxidized form, cystamine.

Positional cell surface antigens in an insect appendage.

Mice were immunized with membrane preparations of epidermal cells taken from different parts (internal and external face of femur and apex and base of tibia) of the metathoracic legs of cockroach larvae. Using indirect immunofluorescence, anti-internal face of femur antibodies were observed to bind preferentially to membranes from the internal face of the femur; similarly, anti-external face of femur antibodies bound preferentially to membranes from the external face of the femur. We also found a preferential binding of anti-apex of tibia antibodies to membranes from the apex of the tibia and anti-base of the tibia antibodies to membranes from the base of the tibia.

Ecdysteroid titres during ovarian and embryonic development inBlaberus craniifer.

InBlaberus craniifer, the maturation of the oocytes is accompanied by morphological modifications of the surrounding follicular cells and by variations in the ecdysteroid titre.Before the follicular cells form the chorion, they synthesise ecdysteroids which pass into the terminal oocytes to be stored. During the secretion of the chorion, before the release of the oocytes, one observes a decrease of the ecdysteroid titre in the ovaries.