Sound propagation in saturated gas-vapor-droplet suspensions with droplet evaporation and nonlinear relaxation.

The Sound attenuation and dispersion in saturated gas-vapor-droplet mixture in the presence of evaporation has been investigated theoretically. The theory is based on an extension of the work of Davidson [J. Atmos.

Dispersion of sound in dilute suspensions with nonlinear particle relaxation.

The theory accounting for nonlinear particle relaxation (viscous and thermal) has been applied to the prediction of dispersion of sound in dilute suspensions. The results suggest that significant deviations exist for sound dispersion between the linear and nonlinear theories at large values of omegatau(d), where omega is the circular frequency and tau(d) is the Stokesian particle relaxation time. It is revealed that the nonlinear effect on the dispersion coefficient due to viscous contribution is larger relative to that of thermal conduction.

Spectral attenuation of sound in dilute suspensions with nonlinear particle relaxation.

Previous studies on the sound attenuation in particle-laden flows under Stokesian drag and conduction-controlled heat transfer have been extended to accommodate the nonlinear drag and heat transfer. It has been shown that for large particle-to-fluid density ratio, the particle Reynolds number bears a cubic relationship with omegatau(d) (where omega is the circular frequency and tau(d) is the Stokesian particle relaxation time). This dependence leads to the existence of a peak value in the linear absorption coefficient occurring at a finite value of omegatau(d).