Revisiting the divide between deontology and utilitarianism in moral dilemma judgment: A multinomial modeling approach.

We investigate the psychological bases underlying moral dilemma judgment with the help of multinomial processing tree modeling, and consider how determinants of dilemma judgment should best be conceptualized. We argue that, for conceptual as well as empirical reasons, norms and consequences should be considered as more intimately linked with one another than their systematic juxtaposition in dilemma research may suggest, and propose that norm-endorsement should be viewed through a consequentialist lens as well. Investigating this proposal, we introduce a variant of the CNI model of moral dilemma judgment, which focuses on the use of proscriptive norms only.

Microorganisms @ materials surfaces in aircraft: Potential risks for public health? - A systematic review.

Background: Civil air travel is increasingly recognized as an important potential source for the rapid spread of infectious diseases that were geographically confined in the past, creating international epidemics with great health and socio-economic impact.

Objective: The objective of this systematic review is to elucidate the correlations of materials surfaces (composition, structure, properties) and microbial dependences on them in aircraft.

Methods: The review was prepared according to PRISMA guidelines.

Decreased extrusion of calcium phosphate cement versus high viscosity PMMA cement into spongious bone marrow-an ex vivo and in vivo study in sheep vertebrae.

Background Context: Vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty of osteoporotic vertebral fractures bears the risk of pulmonary cement embolism (3.5%-23%) caused by leakage of commonly applied acrylic polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement to spongious bone marrow or outside of the vertebrae. Ultraviscous cement and specific augmentation systems have been developed to reduce such adverse effects.

Effects of oxygen plasma treatment on interfacial shear strength and post-peak residual strength of a PLGA fiber-reinforced brushite cement.

Biodegradable calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are promising materials for minimally invasive treatment of bone defects. However, CPCs have low mechanical strength and fracture toughness. One approach to overcome these limitations is the modification of the CPC with reinforcing fibers.