Delusional belief about location ("reduplicative paramnesia").

Introduction: People admitted to hospital as inpatients following head injury or stroke sometimes form the delusional belief that they are located somewhere else-often, near or in their home. This delusion was first described by Pick, who named it "reduplicative paramnesia"; we argue instead for the term "location delusion".

Methods: We carried out a literature search and identified 112 cases of location delusion published since Pick's original 1903 case.

Visual hallucinations of autobiographical memories: a single-case study.

We report an epileptic patient who experienced hallucinatory visual experiences of autobiographical memories from her past. These visual experiences were confined to the lower left quadrant of her visual field. We carried out a single-case study that used brain-imaging, EEG and behavioural methods to study this patient.

Koro: a socially-transmitted delusional belief.

Introduction: Koro is a delusion whereby a man believes his penis is shrinking into his abdomen and this may result in his death. This socially-transmitted non-neuropsychological delusional belief occurs (in epidemic form) in South-East and South Asia. We investigated whether the two-factor theory of delusion could be applied to epidemic Koro.

Cotard delusion, emotional experience and depersonalisation.

Introduction: Cotard delusion-the delusional belief "I am dead"-is named after the French psychiatrist who first described it: Jules Cotard. Ramachandran and Blakeslee proposed that the idea "I am dead" comes to mind when a neuropathological condition has resulted in complete abolition of emotional responsivity to the world. The idea would arise as a putative explanation: if "I am dead" were true, there would be no emotional responsivity to the world.

What is Capgras delusion?

Introduction: Capgras delusion is sometimes defined as believing that close relatives have been replaced by strangers. But such replacement beliefs also occur in response to encountering an acquaintance, or the voice of a familiar person, or a pet, or some personal possession. All five scenarios involve believing something familiar has been replaced by something unfamiliar.

Are people consistent when reading nonwords aloud on different occasions?

Tests of nonword reading have been instrumental in adjudicating between theories of reading and in assessing individuals' reading skill in educational and clinical practice. It is generally assumed that the way in which readers pronounce nonwords reflects their long-term knowledge of spelling-sound correspondences that exist in the writing system. The present study found considerable variability in how the same adults read the same 50 nonwords across five sessions.

Failure of hypothesis evaluation as a factor in delusional belief.

Introduction: In accounts of the two-factor theory of delusional belief, the second factor in this theory has been referred to only in the most general terms, as a failure in the processes of hypothesis evaluation, with no attempt to characterise those processes in any detail. Coltheart and Davies ([2021]. How unexpected observations lead to new beliefs: A Peircean pathway.

Characterizing spoken responses in masked-onset priming of reading aloud using articulography.

A key method for studying articulatory planning at different levels of phonological organization is masked-onset priming. In previous work using that paradigm the dependent variable has been acoustic response time (RT). We used electromagnetic articulography to measure articulatory RTs and the articulatory properties of speech gestures in non-word production in a masked-onset priming experiment.

How unexpected observations lead to new beliefs: A Peircean pathway.

People acquire new beliefs in various ways. One of the most important of these is that new beliefs are acquired as a response to experiencing events that one did not expect. This involves a form of inference distinct from both deductive and inductive inference: abductive inference.

Charles Bonnet Syndrome: Cortical Hyperexcitability and Visual Hallucination.

Loss of foveal vision with sparing of peripheral vision, as in macular degeneration, is often associated with visual hallucinations: it has been suggested that these occur because deafferentation of neurons in regions of visual cortex results in local neuronal hyperexcitability, and new evidence supports this hypothesis.

Variations within a subtype: Developmental surface dyslexias in English.

Surface dyslexia is characterised by poor reading of irregular words while nonword reading can be completely normal. Previous work has identified several theoretical possibilities for the underlying locus of impairment in surface dyslexia. In this study, we systematically investigated whether children with surface dyslexia showed different patterns of reading performance that could be traced back to different underlying levels of impairment.

Why is nonword reading so variable in adult skilled readers?

When the task is reading nonwords aloud, skilled adult readers are very variable in the responses they produce: a nonword can evoke as many as 24 different responses in a group of such readers. Why is nonword reading so variable? We analysed a large database of reading responses to nonwords, which documented that two factors contribute to this variability. The first factor is variability in graphemic parsing (the parsing of a letter string into its constituent graphemes): the same nonword can be graphemically parsed in different ways by different readers.

A Computational Model of the Self-Teaching Hypothesis Based on the Dual-Route Cascaded Model of Reading.

The self-teaching hypothesis describes how children progress toward skilled sight-word reading. It proposes that children do this via phonological recoding with assistance from contextual cues, to identify the target pronunciation for a novel letter string, and in so doing create an opportunity to self-teach new orthographic knowledge. We present a new computational implementation of self-teaching within the dual-route cascaded (DRC) model of reading aloud, and we explore how decoding and contextual cues can work together to enable accurate self-teaching under a variety of circumstances.

Belief, delusion, hypnosis, and the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study.

According to the Two-Factor theory of delusional belief (see e.g. Coltheart at al.

The effect of the position of atypical character-to-sound correspondences on reading kanji words aloud: Evidence for a sublexical serially operating kanji reading process.

In English, the size of the regularity effect on word reading-aloud latency decreases across position of irregularity. This has been explained by a sublexical serially operating reading mechanism. It is unclear whether sublexical serial processing occurs in reading two-character kanji words aloud.

Taking the Book from the Bookshelf: Masked Constituent Priming Effects from Compound Words and Nonwords.

Recent evidence from visual word recognition points to the important role of embedded words, suggesting that embedded words are activated independently of whether they are accompanied by an affix or a non-affix. The goal of the present research was to more closely examine the mechanisms involved in embedded word activation, particularly with respect to the "edge-alignedness" of the embedded word. We conducted two experiments that used masked priming in combination with lexical decision.

Different relationship of magnocellular-dorsal function and reading-related skills between Chinese developing and skilled readers.

Previous studies have indicated that the relationship between magnocellular-dorsal (M-D) function and reading-related skills may vary with reading development in readers of alphabetic languages. Since this relationship could be affected by the orthographic depth of writing systems, the present study explored the relationship between M-D function and reading-related skills in Chinese, a writing system with a deeper orthography than alphabetic languages. Thirty-seven primary school students and fifty-one undergraduate students participated.

The assumptions of cognitive neuropsychology: Reflections on Caramazza (1984, 1986).

Approximately 30 years ago, Caramazza (1984. The logic of neuropsychological research and the problem of patient classification in aphasia. Brain and Language, 21, 9-20; 1986.

Déjà vecu for news events but not personal events: A dissociation between autobiographical and non-autobiographical episodic memory processing.

In déjà vu, the feeling that what we are currently experiencing we have experienced before is fleeting and is not accepted as true. In contrast, in déjà vecu or "recollective confabulation", the sense of déjà vu is persistent and convincing, and patients genuinely believe that they have lived through the current moment at some previous time. In previous reports of cases of déjà vecu, both personal events and non-personal, world events gave rise to this experience.

A quasi-randomized feasibility pilot study of specific treatments to improve emotion recognition and mental-state reasoning impairments in schizophrenia.

Background: Impaired ability to make inferences about what another person might think or feel (i.e., social cognition impairment) is recognised as a core feature of schizophrenia and a key determinant of the poor social functioning that characterizes this illness.

Analytic cognitive style, not delusional ideation, predicts data gathering in a large beads task study.

Introduction: It has been proposed that deluded and delusion-prone individuals gather less evidence before forming beliefs than those who are not deluded or delusion-prone. The primary source of evidence for this "jumping to conclusions" (JTC) bias is provided by research that utilises the "beads task" data-gathering paradigm. However, the cognitive mechanisms subserving data gathering in this task are poorly understood.

Confabulation and conversation.

Confabulation is sometimes defined - by Berlyne, for example - as a symptom that is seen only in one neuropsychological condition, amnesia. In this paper I argue for a somewhat more liberal - and, I contend, more productive - conception of confabulation, according to which it is seen not only in amnesia but also in other neuropsychological conditions such as delusion - and, indeed, even in healthy people. I also argue that it follows from this that in neuropsychological conditions where confabulations are seen, these are responses to abnormal experiences brought about by brain damage, but the occurrence of confabulation itself need not be seen as due to any impairment of cognitive processes due to the brain damage.