Predicting personalised remifentanil effect site concentration for surgical incision using the nociception level index: A prospective calibration and validation study.

Background: Inadequate antinociception can cause haemodynamic instability. The nociception level (NOL) index measures response to noxious stimuli, but its capacity to predict optimal antinociception is unknown.

Objective: To determine if NOL index change to a tetanic stimulus in cardiac and noncardiac surgery patients could predict the required remifentanil concentration for haemodynamic stability at skin incision.

Biomarkers of sepsis: time for a reappraisal.

Introduction: Sepsis biomarkers can have important diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic functions. In a previous review, we identified 3370 references reporting on 178 different biomarkers related to sepsis. In the present review, we evaluate the progress in the research of sepsis biomarkers.