Diagnostic Techniques for Infantile Subglottic Hemangiomas: A Scoping Review.

Objective: Infantile subglottic hemangioma (SGH) poses a risk of airway compromise if untreated. Traditionally, operative endoscopy (OH) diagnoses SGH, but since the discovery of beta-blockers' efficacy in treating infantile hemangiomas (IHs) in 2008, and advances in endoscopic technology, nonoperative methods have emerged. This review identifies endoscopic practices for diagnosing and monitoring infantile SGH during the oral beta-blocker treatment era.

Relationship Between National Residency Matching Program (NRMP) Rank Order and Otolaryngology Residency Performance.

Objective: The process of resident recruitment is costly, and our surgical residency program expends significant time on the resident selection process while balancing general duties and responsibilities. The aim of our study was to explore the relationship between otolaryngology-head and surgery (OHNS) residents' National Residency Matching Program (NRMP) rank-list position at our institution and their subsequent residency performance.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Management of Periodic Fever, Aphthous Stomatitis, Pharyngitis, Adenitis with Intracapsular Tonsillectomy.

Objective: This study aimed to present 2 children clinically diagnosed with periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome and treated with intracapsular tonsillectomy with adenoidectomy (ITA).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 2 children who were referred for an otolaryngology consultation between 2019 and 2022 for surgical treatment of PFAPA syndrome. Both patients had symptoms strongly suggestive of PFAPA and were at risk for total tonsillectomy (TT) complications.

A New Approach for Diagnosis and Surveillance of Infantile Subglottic Hemangioma in the Era of Propranolol Use: A Case Series.

Objective: To report our institutional experience in diagnosing and surveilling patients with infantile subglottic hemangioma (SGH) using in-office flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy (FFL) with video technology, without requiring operative endoscopy in the era of propranolol use.

Methods: A retrospective case series was conducted on 4 children diagnosed with SGH between 2016 and 2022 at our institution.

Results: Awake FFL with video technology provided adequate visualization of SGH lesions for diagnosis, without any complications.

Mal de Débarquement Syndrome in Children: A Case Series.

Currently, mal de débarquement syndrome (MdDS) has been reported only among adults. This case series describes 3 pediatric patients with MdDS. MdDS presentation in children is similar to that of adults, although the frequency of comorbid conditions is greater.

Synchronous disease onset and flares in siblings with PFAPA.

Background: Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis (PFAPA) is a clinical syndrome of unclear etiology. PFAPA has generally been considered a non-hereditary fever syndrome; however, this has been called into question with recent reports of family clustering. Few reports have been published describing siblings with PFAPA.

Off-Label Use of Ciprofloxacin/Dexamethasone Drops in the Pediatric Upper Airway: Case Presentation and Review of Adverse Effects.

Objective: This report describes a new observation of hyperglycemia in a child with Type 1 diabetes after off-label use of otic ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone drops in the nasal passage and reviews previous reports of adverse endocrine effects from intranasal corticosteroids in pediatric patients.

Methods: We describe the clinical case and conducted a literature review of MEDLINE (PubMed) and EMBASE.

Results: A 9-month-old female with a history of Type 1 diabetes who underwent unilateral choanal atresia repair was started on 1 week of ciprofloxacin 0.

Association between superior labial frenum and maxillary midline diastema - a systematic review.

Background: Pediatric otolaryngologists have seen an increased focus on upper lip frenum as a possible culprit for feeding difficulties and the development of maxillary midline diastema (MMD). This increase may be encouraged by parents' exposure to medical advice over the internet about breastfeeding and potential long-term aesthetic concerns for their children. Subsequently, there has been increased pressure on pediatric otolaryngologists to perform superior labial frenectomies.

Yield of preoperative findings in pediatric airway foreign bodies - A meta-analysis.

Importance: Foreign body (FB) aspiration into the airway is a significant cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality, yet the clinical presentation is diverse and dynamic. There are conflicting recommendations which pre-procedural findings support performing a bronchoscopy, the gold standard for diagnosis and removal of FBs, however a procedure that entails general anesthesia and possible risks.

Objective: Decision whether to proceed to a bronchoscopy may be challenging.

Proton pump inhibitor administration in neonates and infants. Lack of consensus - An ASPO survey.

Objective: Laryngopharyngeal and Gastroesophageal reflux (LPR and GER) are distinct clinical entities that present with a range of non-specific symptoms. The exact prevalence in the pediatric population is unknown. While there has been an increase in the use of PPIs, lack of clear guidelines, conflicting evidence regarding efficacy and safety concerns with long-term use require physicians to use their own anecdotal experience and clinical judgement when treating patients.

Scoping review: Awareness of neurotoxicity from anesthesia in children in otolaryngology literature.

Objective: Review otolaryngology literature for awareness of neurotoxicity from general anesthesia in children. Recently, there has been increasing focus in anesthesia literature on the long-term effects of general anesthesia on neurodevelopment. Multiple animal models have demonstrated evidence of neurotoxicity from both inhalational and intravenous anesthetics.

Evaluation and management of pediatric nasal obstruction: A survey of practice patterns.

Background: Inferior turbinate (IT) hypertrophy and adenoid hypertrophy are both causes of pediatric nasal obstruction.

Objective: The purpose of this survey was to study nasal obstruction evaluation and management among pediatric otolaryngologists with respect to IT and adenoid hypertrophy.

Methods: A questionnaire with embedded clinical videos was sent electronically to American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology members.

Cephalosporin use in penicillin-allergic patients: a survey of otolaryngologists and literature review.

Objectives/hypothesis: This study investigated the differences between the standard guidelines and the practice patterns of otolaryngologists in managing "penicillin-allergic" patients. A major goal was to identify factors influencing an otolaryngologist's choice of antibiotic.

Study Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Familial congenital bilateral vocal fold paralysis: a novel gene translocation.

Objectives: True vocal fold (TVF) paralysis is a common cause of neonatal stridor and airway obstruction, though bilateral TVF paralysis is seen less frequently. Rare cases of familial congenital TVF paralysis have been described with implied genetic origin, but few genetic abnormalities have been discovered to date. The purpose of this study is to describe a novel chromosomal translocation responsible for congenital bilateral TVF immobility.

Iatrogenic velopharyngeal insufficiency caused by neonatal nasogastric feeding tube.

Complications from a prolonged nasogastric tube intubation, though seldom reported, are well described. Herein we describe the first two reported cases of velopharyngeal insufficiency secondary to velopharyngeal scarring and immobility from repetitive nasogastric tube insertions and prolonged use. Differing only in location, the proposed pathophysiologic mechanism of injury is identical to that of the nasogastric tube syndrome, a rare and serious, well described entity consisting of bilateral vocal fold paralysis due to pressure-induced ulceration of the posterior cricoarytenoid musculature.

Floor of mouth masses in children: proposal of a new algorithm.

Objective: Many surgical techniques have been described to manage floor of mouth masses, but few studies have described the approach to these masses in children. This case series summarizes a single institution's experience with pediatric floor of mouth masses.

Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of all children who presented at our tertiary care facility with FOM masses between 2007 and 2012.

Factors contributing to cost in partial versus total tonsillectomy.

Objectives/hypothesis: To examine differences between total tonsillectomy and partial intracapsular tonsillectomy techniques that may lead to differences in overall cost and resource utilization between these procedures. Preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative management and outcome factors were examined.

Study Design: Retrospective review at two university-based tertiary care hospitals from January 2007 to June 2010.

Sinonasal manifestations in cystic fibrosis.

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease, characterized by accumulation of thickened mucous secretions in exocrine glands. Although the major clinical manifestations of the disease are pancreatic and pulmonary disease, the majority of cystic fibrosis patients will develop sinonasal manifestations as well. This paper outlines the etiology, evaluation, and management of the nasal and sinus manifestations in patients with cystic fibrosis.

Systematic review of randomized controlled trials comparing intracapsular tonsillectomy with total tonsillectomy in a pediatric population.

Objective: To perform a systematic literature review and data synthesis of level-1 evidence comparing recovery-related outcomes after intracapsular tonsillectomy (IT) (any technique) with those of total tonsillectomy (TT) (any technique) in a pediatric population.

Data Sources: Two independent reviewers searched the following databases: Ovid MEDLINE, including old MEDLINE and pre-MEDLINE, EBM reviews, Books@Ovid and Journals@Ovid, the Web of Science with Conference Proceedings, and references from indexed articles.

Study Selection: Inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials conducted on a pediatric population comparing IT performed by any technique of dissection with TT, also performed by any technique of dissection.

Age-related tonsillar regrowth in children undergoing powered intracapsular tonsillectomy.

Objectives: To review our experience with intracapsular tonsillectomy using powered instrumentation (PIT) in the management of tonsillar hypertrophy.

Design: Retrospective database review of pediatric patients undergoing PIT.

Methods: The medical records of 636 patients under 11 years of age who underwent PIT performed by the senior author (RFW), predominantly for obstructive sleep disturbance, were reviewed.

Cystic fibrosis and endoscopic sinus surgery: Relationship between nasal polyposis and likelihood of revision endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with cystic fibrosis.

Objectives: To observe the extent of nasal polyposis endoscopically in a cystic fibrosis population before the first surgical intervention and to grade the extent using a modified Malm scale, to observe patients prospectively and record the need for revision endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), and to compare this among the individual polyp grading groupings.

Design: Retrospective medical record review of data collected prospectively.

Setting: Tertiary care hospital.