in Togo 5 years on: early impact of the invasion and future developments.

The infestation of the fall armyworm (FAW), (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Africa since 2016 has been a major threat to maize production.

Maize Infestation of Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Within Agro-Ecological Zones of Togo and Ghana in West Africa 3 Yr After Its Invasion.

The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) invaded several West African countries in 2016 causing severe injury to maize plants and economic damage.