Pulmonary artery denervation by noninvasive stereotactic radiotherapy: a pilot study in swine models of pulmonary hypertension.

Catheter-based pulmonary artery denervation (PADN) has achieved promising outcomes to treat pulmonary hypertension (PH). We herein present stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) as a novel noninvasive approach for PADN. A single fraction of 15 Gy, 20 Gy or 25 Gy was delivered for PADN in a thromboxane A2 (TxA2) - induced acute PH swine model.

Treatment barriers and clinical outcome of children with medulloblastoma in China: a report from the Chinese Children's Cancer Group (CCCG).

Background: Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant central nervous system tumor of childhood. Management requires interdisciplinary care and is associated with unique challenges in developing regions. Here, we report the characteristics, clinical outcome and treatment barriers for Chinese children with MB based on a multi-institutional cohort from the Chinese Children's Cancer Group (CCCG).

Renal Denervation by Noninvasive Stereotactic Radiotherapy Induces Persistent Reduction of Sympathetic Activity in a Hypertensive Swine Model.

Background We have previously reported the feasibility of noninvasive stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) as a novel approach for renal denervation. Methods and Results Herein, from a translational point of view, we assessed the antihypertensive effect and chronological evolution of SBRT-induced renal nerve injury within 6 months in a hypertensive swine model. Hypertension was induced in swine by subcutaneous implantation of deoxycorticosterone acetate pellets in combination with a high-salt diet.

RBM5-AS1 promotes radioresistance in medulloblastoma through stabilization of SIRT6 protein.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) contribute to radioresistance in medulloblastoma. Thus, identification of key regulators of medulloblastoma stemness is critical for improving radiotherapy for medulloblastoma. In the present study, we profiled CSC-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) between radioresistant and parental medulloblastoma cells.

Genetic variations in DNA repair gene NEIL1 associated with radiation pneumonitis risk in lung cancer patients.

Background: Radiation pneumonitis (RP) is a common side effect in lung cancer patients who received radiotherapy. Our previous study found genetic variations in DNA repair gene NEIL1 may be a predictor of RP in patients with esophageal cancer. So, we hypothesis genetic variations in NEIL1 gene could affect the risk of RP in lung cancer patients following radiotherapy.

Prognostic significance of C-MYC dysregulation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis.

The clinicopathological and prognostic significance of C-MYC dysregulation (amplification or overexpression) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains controversial. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis to elucidate this relationship. Available studies were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library, and ten studies with a total of 1432 patients were included in this meta-analysis.

Metabolic Fingerprinting on Synthetic Alloys for Medulloblastoma Diagnosis and Radiotherapy Evaluation.

Diagnostics is the key in screening and treatment of cancer. As an emerging tool in precision medicine, metabolic analysis detects end products of pathways, and thus is more distal than proteomic/genetic analysis. However, metabolic analysis is far from ideal in clinical diagnosis due to the sample complexity and metabolite abundance in patient specimens.

Comparison of Nodal Target Volume Definition in Breast Cancer Radiation Therapy According to RTOG Versus ESTRO Atlases: A Practical Review From the TransAtlantic Radiation Oncology Network (TRONE).

Regional nodal irradiation has gained interest in recent years with the publication of several important randomized trials and the availability of more conformal techniques. Target volume delineation represents a critical step in the radiation planning process. Adequate coverage of the microscopic tumor spread to regional lymph nodes must be weighed against exposure of critical structures such as the heart and lungs.

Scattered Dose to Ovary From Radiotherapy for Neuroblastoma in Female Children.

Purpose: To measure the scattered dose to ovary from radiotherapy for neuroblastoma in female children and to evaluate the relevant risks for radiation-induced ovarian damage.

Material And Methods: Radiotherapy for child neuroblastoma was simulated on the water phantom. The scattered dose to ovary is measured by ionization chamber on the linear accelerator with 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy and intensity-modulated radiation therapy treatment producing 6MV and 10MV X-rays.

Noninvasive Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Renal Denervation in a Swine Model.

Background: Catheter-based renal denervation (RDN) has achieved promising outcomes to treat hypertension in recent randomized controlled trials.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of noninvasive stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) as an approach for RDN.

Methods: SBRT was performed in 24 renal arteries from 12 normotensive swine at doses of 25, 35, and 45 Gy (n = 4 each), and an additional 4 swine served as controls.

Label-Free Electrochemical Sensor for CD44 by Ligand-Protein Interaction.

Detection of biomarkers in biosystems plays a key role in advanced biodiagnostics for research and clinical use. Design of new analytical platforms is challenging and in demand, addressing molecular capture and subsequent quantitation. Herein, we developed a label-free electrochemical sensor for CD44 by ligand-protein interaction.

Expression of γ-H2AX and patient prognosis in breast cancer cohort.

H2AX phosphorylation is a novel marker of DNA double-stranded breaks. In the present study, we assessed the γ-H2AX expression, its association with other clinicopathologic characteristics, and the prognosis in a cohort of 97 patients with breast cancer. Ninety-seven specimens of tumor tissue and 77 adjacent normal tissues from patients with breast cancer were examined.

miR-339-5p Increases Radiosensitivity of Lung Cancer Cells by Targeting Phosphatases of Regenerating Liver-1 (PRL-1).

BACKGROUND Radiotherapy is the most effective non-surgical modality in lung cancer treatment, and microRNAs (miRNAs) have been suggested as key regulators in radiosensitization. Herein, we explored the specific function of miR-339-5p in the radiosensitivity of lung cancer cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS Radiosensitivity was assessed by cell viability (CCK-8 assay), cell apoptosis, and cell cycle changes (flow cytometry).

A Plasmonic Mass Spectrometry Approach for Detection of Small Nutrients and Toxins.

Nutriology relies on advanced analytical tools to study the molecular compositions of food and provide key information on sample quality/safety. Small nutrients detection is challenging due to the high diversity and broad dynamic range of molecules in food samples, and a further issue is to track low abundance toxins. Herein, we developed a novel plasmonic matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) approach to detect small nutrients and toxins in complex biological emulsion samples.

Analysis of Recurrent Sacrococcygeal Teratoma in Children: Clinical Features, Relapse Risks, and Anorectal Functional Sequelae.

BACKGROUND Sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is a relatively uncommon tumor. Recurrence with poor survival and anorectal dysfunction are the 2 leading problems for patients. Here, we would review the clinic features of patients with SCTs in our hospital to identify risk factors of recurrent SCTs and to analyze anorectal functional sequelae.

Chemokine CXCL1 may serve as a potential molecular target for hepatocellular carcinoma.

The purpose of this study was to screen for changes in chemokine and chemokine-related genes that are expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as potential markers of HCC progression. Total RNA was extracted from tumor and peritumor tissues from mice with HCC and analyzed using a PCR microarray comprising 98 genes. Changes in gene expression of threefold or more were screened and subsequently confirmed by immunohistochemical analyses and western blotting.

microRNA-539 suppresses tumor growth and tumorigenesis and overcomes arsenic trioxide resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Aims: Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) plays a critical role in tumor growth and progression. In this study, we sought to explore the expression and biological roles of miR-539 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Main Methods: The expression of miR-539 in human HCC tissues and cell lines was examined.

Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumours: clinicopathological characteristics, prognostic factors and outcomes of 22 children from 2010 to 2015 in China.

Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumours (AT/RTs) are rare, highly malignant tumours of the central nervous system (CNS) with poor prognosis that usually affect young children. The aim of this study was to assess the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of AT/RTs. Here, we describe the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics, along with the treatments and outcomes, of 22 patients with AT/RTs treated in our hospital from 2010 to 2015.

Clinical characteristics and abandonment and outcome of treatment in 67 Chinese children with medulloblastoma.

OBJECT The purpose of this study was to explore the clinical features and outcome of medulloblastoma in Chinese children. The authors analyze the reasons that treatment is abandoned and attempt to provide evidence-based recommendations for improving the prognosis of medulloblastoma in this population. METHODS A total of 67 pediatric cases of newly diagnosed medulloblastoma were included in this study.

A new lead-free radiation shielding material for radiotherapy.

Lead has recently been recognised as a source of environmental pollution, including the lead used for radiation shielding in radiotherapy. The bremsstrahlung radiation caused by the interaction between the electron beam and lead may reduce the accuracy of radiotherapy. To avoid the use of lead, a new material composed of tungsten and hydrogenated styrene-butadiene-styrene copolymer is studied with the Monte Carlo (MC) method and experiment in this paper.