Progression from in vivo validation to in vitro screening in hazard assessment for leukoderma-inducible chemicals.

Chemicals are representative environmental factors that affect human health. Recently, external exposure to a chemical of rhododenol (RD) caused chemical leukoderma, an acquired patchy hypopigmentation, in about 20,000 Asian people. The development of a hazard assessment system for accurate determination of leukoderma-inducible chemicals is required for the prevention of such tragedies.

Beneficial and adverse effects of dam construction in canal tannery wastewater effluent with a high content of chromium in Hazaribagh, Bangladesh.

Background: Blockage to divide downstream canals into upstream canals, into which tannery wastewater including a high concentration of trivalent chromium [Cr(III)] is directly discharged, has been constructed in Hazaribagh, a tannery built-up area in Bangladesh. However, there has been no study to verify the environmental significance of blockage construction for water pollution of Cr in nature.

Methods: Consecutive fixed area monitoring for a total of 164 water samples collected outside and inside Hazaribagh from 2014 to 2023 was carried out to clarify the effects of stagnant and flowable canal water in the presence or absence of blockage on Cr(III) and hexavalent Cr [Cr(VI)] concentrations.

Adverse Drug Reactions in Selected Wards of the Yangon General Hospital and Yangon Specialty Hospital During the First Quarter of 2019: An Active Pharmacovigilance Study in Myanmar.

Background: Previous studies in Europe and the USA have reported a high prevalence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), but data on local ADRs in Myanmar are sparse.

Objective: Our objective was to study ADRs in patients admitted to selected wards of Yangon General Hospital (YGH) and Yangon Specialty Hospital (YSH), Myanmar.

Methods: This was a prospective observational study in three hospital wards during the first quarter of 2019.