Intracranial meningioma: A review of recent and emerging data on the utility of preoperative imaging for management.

Meningiomas are the most common neoplasms of the central nervous system, accounting for approximately 40% of all brain tumors. Surgical resection represents the mainstay of management for symptomatic lesions. Preoperative planning is largely informed by neuroimaging, which allows for evaluation of anatomy, degree of parenchymal invasion, and extent of peritumoral edema.

Discovery and Characterization of Selective, First-in-Class Inhibitors of Citron Kinase.

Citron kinase (CITK) is an AGC-family serine/threonine kinase that regulates cytokinesis. Despite knockdown experiments implicating CITK as an anticancer target, no selective CITK inhibitors exist. We transformed a previously reported kinase inhibitor with weak off-target CITK activity into a first-in-class CITK chemical probe, .

SARS-CoV-2 3CL-protease inhibitors derived from ML300: investigation of P1 and replacements of the 1,2,3-benzotriazole.

Starting from compound (CCF0058981), a structure-based optimization of the P1 subsite was performed against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) main protease (3CL). Inhibitor and the compounds disclosed bind to 3CL using a non-covalent mode of action that utilize a His163 H-bond interaction in the S1 subpocket. In an effort to examine more structurally diverse P1 groups a number of azoles and heterocycles were designed.

Comparison of static and dynamic digestibility and bioaccessibility of palm-based emulsions and correlation to a human study: effects of triacylglycerol crystallinity.

The static and dynamic TIM-1 digestibility of similarly sized Span 60 o/w emulsions containing either liquid palm olein droplets (PO) or palm stearin (PS) droplets tempered to contain different levels of crystallinity (, PS-SE (maximum), PS-SE-INT (intermediate), and PS-LE (undercooled)) were explored. Static digestion experiments included particle size analysis, and emulsion digestibility and bioaccessibility were compared between the static and dynamic models, respectively. β-carotene (BC, 0.

The provision of prostate cancer patient information leaflets on an electronic tablet: A further step to paperless health-care provision.

Introduction: The provision of patient information leaflets (PILs) for cancer treatment options is primarily via a paper format. PILs can now be provided on an electronic tablet with the added benefits of providing audio-visual information.

Materials And Methods: Between February 2017 and August 2019, 112 patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer (PCa) were enrolled into our prospective cohort study.

Structure-Based Optimization of ML300-Derived, Noncovalent Inhibitors Targeting the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 3CL Protease (SARS-CoV-2 3CL).

Starting from the MLPCN probe compound ML300, a structure-based optimization campaign was initiated against the recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) main protease (3CL). X-ray structures of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 3CL enzymes in complex with multiple ML300-based inhibitors, including the original probe ML300, were obtained and proved instrumental in guiding chemistry toward probe compound (CCF0058981). The disclosed inhibitors utilize a noncovalent mode of action and complex in a noncanonical binding mode not observed by peptidic 3CL inhibitors.

Contemporary Opinions on Intraoperative Facial Nerve Monitoring.

Objective: To examine the current trend in intraoperative facial nerve monitoring (IOFNM) training, performance, and reimbursement by subspecialists.

Study Design: Cross-sectional survey of the American Neurotology Society, American Otological Society, American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology, and program directors of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery programs accredited by the Accreditation Council on Graduate Medical Education.

Setting: American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Intraoperative Nerve Monitoring Task Force.

The Vibrant Soundbridge: A Global Overview.

The Vibrant Soundbridge is a semi-implantable, active middle ear implant that is a safe and effective treatment for patients with sensorineural hearing loss. Since Food and Drug Administration approval for this indication, many international investigators have expanded its use for conductive and mixed hearing losses. This article reviews the author's experience and the international uses of this versatile device.

Brief Commentary on Gidley et al: "Contemporary Opinions on Intraoperative Facial Nerve Monitoring".

Intraoperative facial nerve monitoring (IOFNM) has evolved from requiring sophisticated electromyography equipment to a self-contained monitor with an auditory signal. Subspecialty ear surgeons currently use IOFNM in most otologic and temporal bone procedures as it improves facial nerve outcomes. Our competency and near-universal adoption of IOFNM notwithstanding, otolaryngologists are rarely reimbursed for this procedure.

Influence of hospital volume on nephrectomy mortality and complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis stratified by surgical type.

Objectives: The provision of complex surgery is increasingly centralised to high-volume (HV) specialist hospitals. Evidence to support nephrectomy centralisation however has been inconsistent. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the association between hospital case volumes and perioperative outcomes in radical nephrectomy, partial nephrectomy and nephrectomy with venous thrombectomy.

A dual-process approach to exploring the role of delay discounting in obesity.

Delay discounting of financial rewards has been related to overeating and obesity. Neuropsychological evidence supports a dual-system account of both discounting and overeating behaviour where the degree of impulsive decision making is determined by the relative strength of reward desire and executive control. A dual-parameter model of discounting behaviour is consistent with this theory.

Pragmatic staging of oesophageal cancer using decision theory involving selective endoscopic ultrasonography, PET and laparoscopy.

Background: Following CT, guidelines for staging oesophageal and gastro-oesophageal junction (GOJ) cancer recommend endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), PET-CT and laparoscopy for T3-T4 GOJ tumours. These recommendations are based on generic utilities, but it is unclear whether the test risk outweighs the potential benefit for some patients. This study sought to quantify investigation risks, benefits and utilities, in order to develop pragmatic, personalized staging recommendations.

Postactivation potentiation in professional rugby players: optimal recovery.

Following a bout of high-intensity exercise of short duration (preload stimulus), the muscle is in both a fatigued and a potentiated (referred to as postactivation potentiation) state. Consequently, subsequent muscle performance depends on the balance between these 2 factors. To date, there is no uniform agreement about the optimal recovery required between the preload stimulus and subsequent muscle performance to gain optimal performance benefits.

Occupational health nursing in the United Kingdom: exploring the world through international occupational health programs.

The workplace and its potential to influence the health of the public is acknowledged by the United Kingdom government. The regulatory body (Nursing and Midwifery Council [NMC]) recognizes the need for Occupational Health Nurses to have a registrable qualification and also recognizes the public health role of the occupational health nurse. The need to keep abreast of fast-changing technologies, together with societal concerns about the acceptable level of risk in work activity, are key drivers in occupational health nurse research.

Intratympanic steroid treatment: a review.

Objective: To review published literature regarding the use of intratympanic steroids in the treatment of Meniere's disease and sudden sensorineural hearing loss and to make recommendations regarding their use based on the literature review.

Data Sources: Literature review from 1996 to 2003, PubMed, Medline Plus, and Web of Science.

Study Selection: Retrospective case series and uncontrolled prospective cohort studies were the only types of studies available for review.

Phase III clinical trial results with the Vibrant Soundbridge implantable middle ear hearing device: a prospective controlled multicenter study.

Objectives: The goal of the study was to evaluate the performance of a semi-implantable middle ear hearing device (Vibrant Soundbridge System [VSB]; Symphonix Devices, Inc).

Study Design: A prospective, single-subject, repeated-measures multicenter study was conducted to determine the safety and efficacy of the VSB using analog and digital external processors. Measures included residual hearing, functional gain, speech recognition, acoustic feedback, occlusion, and patient self-assessment to determine satisfaction, perceived performance, and device preference compared with an appropriately fit acoustic hearing aid.

Octylcyanoacrylate: a new medical-grade adhesive for otologic surgery.

Hypothesis: The adhesive octylcyanoacrylate is not associated with significant inner ear toxicity in a guinea pig model.

Background: Many cyanoacrylate adhesives have been investigated for use in otologic surgery, but variable ototoxicity has been reported. Octylcyanoacrylate is a medical-grade adhesive with many properties that make it ideal for use in the ear.

Ossicular chain reconstruction using a new tissue adhesive.

Hypothesis: A new medical-grade cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive will improve the results of ossicular chain reconstruction in a rat model.

Background: An ideal tissue adhesive has long been awaited by otologists. Studies examining the older cyanoacrylates have demonstrated variable efficacy and toxicity.

Tympanic membrane patching with bandage contact lens after removal of ventilation T tubes.

Objective: Early closure of the tympanic membrane, after removal of longstanding ventilation T tubes (VTs), is a desirable outcome. A prospective randomized control study was undertaken to determine if spontaneous healing of the tympanic membrane is promoted with a bandage contact lens (BCL).

Method: Thirty-nine paediatric patients, who required removal of VTs under general anaesthesia, were selected.

Tissue adhesive versus suture wound repair at 1 year: randomized clinical trial correlating early, 3-month, and 1-year cosmetic outcome.

Study Objective: To compare the 1-year cosmetic outcome of wounds treated with octylcyanoacrylate tissue adhesive and monofilament sutures and to correlate the early, 3-month, and 1-year cosmetic outcomes.

Methods: We prospectively randomized 136 cases of traumatic laceration to repair with octylcyanoacrylate tissue adhesive or 5-0 or smaller monofilament suture. A wound score was assigned by a research nurse, and validated by a second nurse blinded to the treatment, at 5 to 10 days after injury (early), 3 months, and 1 year.

Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty versus laser-assisted uvulopalatopharyngoplasty in the treatment of snoring.

Objective: This study was performed to compare the efficacy, pain, and complication rates between laser-assisted uvulopalatopharyngoplasty and conventional tonsillectomy and uvulopalatopharyngoplasty.

Method: Eighty patients who had undergone the laser procedure and 29 the conventional procedure were studied prospectively. Snoring was measured using a new numeric snoring scale.

Octylcyanoacrylate tissue adhesive versus suture wound repair in a contaminated wound model.

Background: Octylcyanoacrylate tissue adhesive is a topical wound closure that precludes the need for foreign bodies (sutures) to close wounds. It also has an in vitro antimicrobial effect when standard disc sensitivity tests are used.

Methods: To determine whether contaminated wounds closed with octylcyanoacrylate tissue adhesive will have a lower infection rate compared with wounds closed with 5-0 monofilament sutures, we designed a randomized, blinded, experimental animal study.

A randomized trial comparing octylcyanoacrylate tissue adhesive and sutures in the management of lacerations.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a new tissue adhesive for laceration closure.

Design: A prospective, randomized controlled trial.

Setting: An adult teaching hospital.