Is there any association between high-density lipoprotein, insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese children?

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is estimated to occur in about 50% of obese children. The purpose of this study is to examine the association of anthropometric, biochemical and liver indexes in obese children with and without NAFLD and its relation with insulin resistance (IR). Forty-three obese children participated in the study.

Are saturated fatty acids and insulin resistance associated with fatty liver in obese children?

Background: Fatty liver (FL) is a common cause of liver disease in children. Obesity and insulin resistance (IR) play an important role in pathogenesis of FL. Diet has been reported to affect IR and possibly FL.

Prevalence of hypertension and association of dietary mineral intake with blood pressure in healthy schoolchildren from northern Greece aged 7-15 years.

Background And Aims: Pediatric hypertension is urgently increasing in Greece. The purpose of this study is to record the prevalence of hypertension in schoolchildren and to relate dietary minerals to blood pressure (BP).

Methods And Results: 308 males and 298 females, aged 7-15 years, from 10 schools in Northern Greece participated in the study.

Association of blood pressure, obesity and serum homocysteine levels in healthy children.

Aim: Obesity, hypertension and total serum homocysteine levels are well-known risk factors for cardiovascular disease in adults. However, there is limited data on the relation of these risk factors in children.

Methods: Five hundred twenty-four healthy school children aged 6-15 years participated in the study.

Update on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is probably the most common cause of liver disease in the pediatric community. It is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance. NAFLD may lead to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).

Reference range of total serum homocysteine level and dietary indexes in healthy Greek schoolchildren aged 6-15 years.

Elevated total serum homocysteine (tHcy) may be a possible risk factor for CVD. A 5 micromol/l increase in tHcy is associated with an approximately 70 % increase in relative risk of CVD in adults. Data for children and adolescents are, however, limited.

Total serum homocysteine, folate and vitamin B12 in a Greek school age population.

Background & Aims: Moderate hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) even among children. The purpose of this study is to investigate for the first time the distribution and determinants of total serum homocysteine (tHcy) levels in healthy Greek children.

Methods: tHcy, folate, B12 were measured in 524 children (275 boys and 249 girls) aged 6-15 years old from different socioeconomic status in Northern Greece.

The ketogenic diet in children with epilepsy.

Children with epilepsy, especially those facing intractable seizures, experience a great impact on the quality of their lives. Effective treatment is essential, and although new anti-epileptic drugs have shown an improved profile of action, still a substantial number of children look for more efficacious ways of treatment that are far away from potential toxicity and ineffectiveness. The ketogenic diet is a dietary therapy for epileptic children based on manipulation of metabolism principles and brain energetics.

Bioefficacy of L-lysine sulfate compared with feed-grade L-lysine-HCl in young pigs.

A pig growth assay was conducted to determine the relative biological value (RBV) of lysine from L-lysine sulfate compared with feed-grade L-lysine HCl. One hundred nursery pigs with an average initial BW of 9.5 +/- 1.

Growth performance of different breed crosses of chicks fed diets with different protein and energy sources.

Six experiments (EXP) were conducted to evaluate growth performance of different breed crosses of broiler chicks fed diets containing soybean meal, soy protein isolate (SPI), soy protein concentrate (SPC), or rice and casein. Cornish x Plymouth Rock (C x PR; EXP 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6) or New Hampshire x Columbian (NH x C; EXP 2 and 4) cross chicks were used. The chicks were fed a corn-soybean meal (C-SBM) diet before allotment to treatment.

Valine requirement of nursery pigs.

Six experiments were conducted to determine the true digestible valine requirement of 5- to 20-kg pigs. In Exp. 1, a valine-deficient diet for 5- to 10-kg pigs was developed and validated in terms of growth performance in response to supplemental L-valine.

Prevalence of migraine in schoolchildren and some clinical comparisons between migraine with and without aura.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of migraine and its association with age, gender, and social class and to find out whether or not the headache and nonheadache characteristics differ between children with migraine, with and without aura, using the diagnostic criteria of the International Headache Society for childhood migraine.

Design: Population-based study in two stages comprising an initial screening questionnaire followed by telephone interviews of children with symptoms.

Setting: Eighteen kindergarten and 39 primary and secondary schools in Thessaloniki and its semiurban areas.

True ileal digestibility of amino acids in sow's milk for 17-day-old pigs.

The digestibility of amino acids in sow's milk consumed by young pigs is currently unknown because of difficulties associated with collecting an adequate quantity of milk, and also problems in cannulating suckling pigs. A total of 14 kg of sow's milk was collected, two soluble indigestible markers (Co-EDTA and YbC13) were added, and the milk was fed to four pigs at 17 d of age that were fitted with a simple T-cannula at the terminal ileum. Another four cannulated pigs were offered a similar amount of a 20% DM liquid diet based on enzymatically hydrolyzed casein and lactose to assess endogenous amino acid losses.

Enzyme supplementation and particle size of wheat in diets for nursery and finishing pigs.

Three experiments were conducted to determine the effects of enzyme supplementation and particle size of wheat-based diets on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in nursery and finishing pigs. In Exp. 1, 180 weaned pigs (5.

Growth-promoting efficacy in young pigs of two sources of zinc oxide having either a high or a low bioavailability of zinc.

Commercial sources of zinc oxide (ZnO) differ widely in Zn relative bioavailability (RBV), but it is unknown whether growth-promoting efficacy in young pigs is influenced by RBV of the ZnO sources used. We compared a low-RBV (39%) ZnO manufactured by the Waelz process (W) to a high-RBV (93%) ZnO manufactured by the hydrosulfide process (HS). Antibacterial agents were included in the diet in only one of the four trials (Exp.

The effects of citric acid on phytate-phosphorus utilization in young chicks and pigs.

Several bioassays were conducted with young chicks and pigs fed phosphorus (P)-deficient corn-soybean meal diets. With diets for chicks containing .62% Ca and .

Effects of pelleting and storage of a complex nursery pig diet on lysine bioavailability.

The effects of pelleting and storage of a complex nursery pig diet (28% lactose and 1.4% lysine) on lysine bioavailability were assessed in a chick bioassay. The nursery diet was steam-conditioned at 60 degrees C for 45 s and then pelleted through a 5-mm die with a depth of 38 mm.

Single versus multiple deficiencies of methionine, zinc, riboflavin, vitamin B-6 and choline elicit surprising growth responses in young chicks.

A soy-protein isolate diet that was deficient in methionine (Met), zinc (Zn), riboflavin, vitamin B-6 and choline for chick growth (Assay 1) was used to study individual or multiple deficiencies of several of these nutrients. In all cases, adding all three deficient nutrients together resulted in growth responses that were superior to those resulting from supplementation with any pairs of deficient nutrients. In Assay 2, single addition of Zn but not of methionine or riboflavin produced a growth response, but the combination of either Zn and Met or Zn and riboflavin resulted in growth responses that were greater than the response elicited by Zn alone.

Effects of omitting vitamin and trace mineral premixes and(or) reducing inorganic phosphorus additions on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and muscle quality in finishing pigs.

Three experiments were conducted to determine the effects of omitting vitamin and trace mineral premixes and(or) reducing inorganic phosphorus additions to finishing diets on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and muscle quality in pigs. In Exp. 1, a corn-soybean meal-based diet (.

Limiting order of amino acids in a low-protein corn-soybean meal-whey-based diet for nursery pigs.

Three trials were carried out with pigs between 5 and 8 wk of age to determine the limiting order of amino acids in a 13.5% CP corn-soybean meal-based diet containing 8% dried whey. The positive-control diet was a 19.

Migraine of gastrointestinal origin.

Unlabelled: A consecutive series of 31 children (median age 12 years) suffering from migraine with (n = 21) or without (n = 10) aura underwent endoscopic oesophageal, gastric and duodenal biopsy in order to determine whether the complaints were of gastro-intestinal origin. Of these 31 children, 13 (41.9%) showed oesophagitis, 16 (51.