Prevalence of canine toxocariasis in Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Toxocara canis is one of the most common parasitic helminth worm of dogs and also a causative agent of zoonotic disease in humans. This pilot study was conducted to determine the presence of T. canis infection in dog population in and around Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Stability and mobility of vacancy-H complexes in Al.

The effect of hydrogen loading on the stability and mobility of vacancy-H complexes in aluminum is determined by applying DFT and the minimum-mode-following method. The binding energy per H-atom within a complex is found to range from -0.36 eV/atom to -0.

Non-cytotoxic nanomaterials enhance antimicrobial activities of cefmetazole against multidrug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

The emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae has led to difficulties in treating patients, and novel strategies to prevent and treat this infection are urgently needed. Here, we examined 21 different nanomaterials for their potential activity against N. gonorrhoeae (ATCC 49226).

Decreased activity of Ca(++)-ATPase and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase during aging in humans.

Aging is a biological process characterized by a progressive functional impairment which is associated with increased susceptibility to a variety of diseases. The main purpose of this study is to understand the gender-based relationship between human aging and activities of two erythrocyte membranes bound enzymes, Ca(++)-ATPase and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase. Ca(++)-ATPase and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activities were determined as per the previous reports.

L-cysteine efflux in erythrocytes as a function of human age: correlation with reduced glutathione and total anti-oxidant potential.

Thiol compounds such as cysteine (Cys) and reduced glutathione (GSH) play an important role in human aging and age-related diseases. In erythrocytes, GSH is synthesized by glutamic acid, cysteine, and glycine, but the rate of GSH synthesis is determined only by the availability of L-cysteine. Cysteine supplementation has been shown to ameliorate several parameters that are known to degenerate during human aging.

Prevalence and risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium spp. infection in young domestic livestock in India.

A total of 938 faecal samples (461 cattle calves, 264 buffalo calves, 55 lambs, 116 kids and 42 piglets) from different livestock farms and individual small holdings in six targeted states of India were collected and screened by modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. and its association with age, sex, season and faecal consistency in domesticated animals. Overall, 16.

Quantitative electromyography in dengue-associated muscle dysfunction.

Purpose: This study was undertaken to document the muscle involvement in dengue virus infection using quantitative electromyography (QEMG).

Methods: The patients with dengue myopathy were subjected to clinical examination including muscle power, tone, reflex, and sensations. Blood counts, hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum creatine kinase (CK), and electrolytes were determined.

MR angiography in tuberculous meningitis.

Background: Infarctions in tuberculous meningitis (TBM) are common but there is a paucity of studies on MR angiography (MRA).

Purpose: To evaluate the pattern and predictors of MRA abnormality in patients with TBM.

Material And Methods: Sixty-seven patients with TBM were subjected to clinical, laboratory, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and MRA evaluation.

Concentration dependent effect of (-)-Epicatechin on Na(+) /K(+) -ATPase and Ca(2+) -ATPase inhibition induced by free radicals in hypertensive patients: comparison with L-ascorbic acid.

Although the antioxidant properties of flavonoids are well documented, it is still unclear whether these effects are dependent on radical scavenging or iron chelating activities. Oxidative stress, a state of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity, is associated with vascular disease conditions such as hypertension. Both the anti- and pro-oxidant effects of tea catechins have been implicated in the alterations of cellular functions that determine their chemoprotective and therapeutic potentials in health and diseases.

MicroRNA regulation via DNA methylation during the morula to blastocyst transition in mice.

Epigenetic regulation is responsible for transcriptional silencing of genes and parental imprinting. This study addresses the question whether microRNAs (miRNAs) could be affected by DNA methylation during morula-blastocyst transition. Mouse embryos were treated with/without a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor (5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, 5-aza-dC, 10 nM-5 μM).

Dengue-associated transient muscle dysfunction: clinical, electromyography and histopathological changes.

Background: Dengue is commonly associated with myalgia, but there is paucity of studies on the frequency, severity, and basis of muscle involvement. The aim of this study was to document the clinical, electromyographic, and histological changes in dengue-associated muscle dysfunction.

Materials And Methods: Seropositive dengue patients admitted to the neurology ward during 2010 were enrolled in this study.

Molecularly imprinted polymer for selective extraction of 3-methylflavone-8-carboxylic acid from human urine followed by its determination using zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography.

A novel water-compatible molecularly imprinted SPE combined with zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography method for selective extraction and determination of 3-methylflavone-8-carboxylic acid (MFA), the main active metabolite of flavoxate in human urine, was developed and validated. The effects of progenic solvents, pH, cross linker and amount of monomer were studied to optimize the efficiency and selectivity. The molecularly imprinted polymer showed good specific adsorption capacity with an optimum of 200 μmol/g at pH 7.

Age-dependent changes in glutathione-s-transferase: correlation with total plasma antioxidant potential and red cell intracellular glutathione.

The correlation between antioxidant capacity and oxidative damage during aging has been reported in several tissues in different species. Glutathione-S-transferases (GST) can metabolise endogenous and exogenous toxins and carcinogens by catalysing the conjugation of diverse electrophiles with reduced glutathione (GSH). We observe a significant (P < 0.

Levetiracetam versus lorazepam in status epilepticus: a randomized, open labeled pilot study.

For the management of status epilepticus (SE), lorazepam (LOR) is recommended as the first and phenytoin or fosphenytoin as the second choice. Both these drugs have significant toxicity. Intravenous levetiracetam (LEV) has become available, but its efficacy and safety has not been reported in comparison to LOR.

Epstein Barr virus encephalitis: clinical diversity and radiological similarity.

Clinico-radiological features of two patients with cerebrospinal fluid polymerase chain reaction-positive Epstein Barr virus (EBV) encephalitis have been reported. Both the patients presented with fever and altered sensorium, one had visual hallucination, decerebration followed by visual loss and the other had downward ocular deviation and orofacial and upper limb choreiform movement. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed parieto-occipital involvement in both the patients.

Development of a molecularly imprinted polymer for selective extraction followed by liquid chromatographic determination of sitagliptin in rat plasma and urine.

A novel water-compatible molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) combined with zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (ZIC-HILIC) method for selective extraction and determination of sitagliptin in rat serum and urine was developed and validated. The effects of progenic solvents, pH, cross linker and amount of monomer were studied to optimize the efficiency and selectivity. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms were measured.

Intracellular uptake of (-)epicatechin by human erythrocytes as a function of human age.

The present studies were carried out to determine the intracellular uptake of (-)epicatechin by erythrocytes during aging in humans. (-)Epicatechin uptake was estimated by performing ethyl acetate extraction while the total antioxidant potential of the (-)epicatechin was estimated in terms of FRAP (ferric reducing ability of plasma) values. A significant (p < 0.

Evaluation of polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases in quality control of (S)-mirtazapine.

High-performance liquid chromatographic methods were developed for separation of the enantiomers of mirtazapine and its four process-related substances. The direct separations were achieved on chiral stationary phases containing amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (Chiralpak AD-H), cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (Chiralcel OD-H) and cellulose tris(4-methylbenzoate) (Chiralcel OJ-H ). The experimental data were utilized to discuss the effects of the mobile phase composition, the nature of the alcoholic modifier and the specific structural features of the analytes on retention and separation.

Precolumn derivatization followed by liquid chromatographic separation and determination of tramiprosate in rat plasma by fluorescence detector: application to pharmacokinetics.

Alzheimer disease (AD) is characterized pathologically by extracellular amyloid deposits composed of amyloid β (Aβ) protein. A simple and rapid method using HPLC with fluorescence detector was developed and validated for determination of tramiprosate in rat plasma. Pre-column derivatization of the deproteinized rat plasma was carried out using o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) as a fluorescent reagent in presence of 3-mercaptopropionic acid.

High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of anti- hypertensive drugs on dried blood spots using a fluorescence detector--method development and validation.

A selective and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography method with fluorescence detection for simultaneous determination of irbesartan, losartan and valsartan on dried blood spots (DBS) has been developed and validated. It involves solvent extraction of a punch of DBS followed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography on a Lichrospher(®) 100 RP-18e column. Fluorescence detection was performed at 259 and 385 nm as excitation and emission wavelengths, respectively.

Rapid determination of rifaximin on dried blood spots by LC-ESI-MS.

The use of blood spot collection cards is a simple way to obtain specimens for therapeutic drug monitoring, assessing adherence to medications and preventing toxicity in a clinical setting. A high-throughput liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometric (LC-ESI-MS) method for determination of rifaximin on dried blood spots (DBS) was developed and validated. It involves solvent extraction of a punch of DBS followed by reversed-phase LC on a monolithic column consisting of a silica rod with bimodal pore structure and detection by ESI-MS.

Age-associated changes in erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity: correlation with total antioxidant potential.

Oxidative stress is believed to play a central role in aging and age-associated diseases. It leads to oxidative changes in human red blood cells (RBCs) in vivo and in vitro. In this study, we evaluated the oxidative damage to the erythrocytes during aging in the humans using RBC as a model, by measuring the cytosolic antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity.

Stroke in tuberculous meningitis.

Stroke in tuberculous meningitis (TBM) occurs in 15-57% of patients especially in advance stage and severe illness. The majority of strokes may be asymptomatic because of being in a silent area, deep coma or associated pathology such as spinal arachnoiditis or tuberculoma. Methods of evaluation also influence the frequency of stroke.

Reversed-phase liquid chromatographic determination of tramiprosate in rat plasma using evaporative light scattering detector.

A simple and reliable method was developed for determining blood concentrations of tramiprosate using reversed-phase HPLC with evaporative light scattering detection. The optimum evaporator and nebulizer temperatures for ELSD were set at 90 and 60°C respectively. The method was linear for a concentration range of 10-1000 µg/mL when 0.