Comparison of Fundus Biomicroscopy Examination of the Optic Nerve Head with and without Mydriasis.

Background: Notwithstanding the significant advances in automated imaging techniques in the past 2 decades, subjective evaluation of the optic disc still remains an important part of glaucoma propaedeutic. In places with limited resources and a high demand for ophthalmic care, anatomical evaluation of glaucoma cases often relies solely on slit-lamp-based fundus biomicroscopic examination, which is frequently performed without mydriasis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare metrics related to fundus biomicroscopy examination of the optic nerve head and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) with and without mydriasis.

The disc damage likelihood scale: Diagnostic accuracy and correlations with cup-to-disc ratio, structural tests and standard automated perimetry.

Our objective was to compare the diagnostic accuracies of and to determine the correlations between the disc damage likelihood scale (DDLS) and anatomical and functional tests used for glaucoma detection. A total of 54 healthy subjects (54 eyes) and 47 primary open-angle glaucoma patients (47 eyes) were included in this cross-sectional observational study. DDLS scores and cup-to-disc (C/D) ratios were evaluated.

Identification of the Most Accurate Spectral-domain Optical Coherence Tomography Parameters in Eyes With Early High-Tension and Low-Tension Glaucoma.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to compare the diagnostic ability of macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness in high-tension glaucoma (HTG) and low-tension glaucoma (LTG).

Patients And Methods: Glaucoma was defined as glaucomatous optic neuropathy and reproducible visual field defects. Patients were classified as having LTG if untreated intraocular pressure was ≤21 mm Hg on 2 different occasions.

Eyes with Suspicious Appearance of the Optic Disc and Normal Intraocular Pressure: Using Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics to Differentiate Those with and without Glaucoma.

Among all glaucoma suspects, eyes with optic nerve head features suspicious or suggestive of early glaucoma are probably those that offer the greatest challenge for clinicians. In contrast with the robust longitudinal data published on ocular hypertension, there is no specific management guideline for these patients. Therefore, evaluating eyes with suspicious optic disc appearance and normal intraocular pressure (IOP), we sought to investigate potential differences in clinical and epidemiological characteristics to differentiate those with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) from those with presumed large physiological optic disc cups (pLPC).

Suitability of the Visual Field Index according to Glaucoma Severity.

Purpose: To investigate the suitability of the visual field index (VFI) in different degrees of disease severity in glaucoma patients.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we consecutively enrolled patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and glaucoma suspects (ocular hypertension). All eyes required a reliable standard automated perimetry (SAP) test to be included.

Eyes with large disc cupping and normal intraocular pressure: using optical coherence tomography to discriminate those with and without glaucoma.

We evaluated the ability of spectral-domain optic coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to differentiate large physiological optic disc cupping (LPC) from glaucomatous cupping in eyes with intraocular pressure (IOP) within the normal range. We prospectively enrolled patients with glaucoma or presumed LPC. Participants had optic discs with confirmed or suspected glaucomatous damage (defined as a vertical cup-to-disc ratio≥0.

Fetal ocular measurements by three-dimensional ultrasound.

Purpose: To establish a reference range for normal fetal eye volume (FEV) by three-dimensional ultrasound using Virtual Organ Computer-aided AnaLysis (VOCAL) method and compare the reproducibility between the two trace modes (manual and sphere).

Methods: This prospective, longitudinal observational study was performed at a single center and involved 71 eyes of 37 fetuses between 17 and 40 weeks of gestational age. Only pregnancies without fetal growth restriction, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or major fetal malformation were included.

Comparison of different spectral domain OCT scanning protocols for diagnosing preperimetric glaucoma.

Purpose: To compare the ability of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), optic nerve head (ONH), and macular measurements to detect preperimetric glaucomatous damage.

Methods: The study included 142 eyes from 91 patients suspected of having the disease based on the appearance of the optic disc. All eyes had normal visual fields before the imaging session.

Diagnosing preperimetric glaucoma with spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) for detection of preperimetric glaucoma and compare it with the performance of confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (CSLO).

Design: Cohort study.

Participants: A cohort of 134 eyes of 88 glaucoma suspects based on the appearance of the optic disc.

Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography for early glaucoma assessment: analysis of macular ganglion cell complex versus peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer.

Objective: We sought to compare the glaucoma discrimination ability of macular inner retinal layer (MIRL) thickness with that of conventional peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness as measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in patients with early glaucoma.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Participants: We studied 67 patients with early glaucoma (visual field mean deviation index ≥-6 dB), and 56 healthy subjects were prospectively enrolled.

Association between corneal biomechanical properties and glaucoma severity.

Purpose: To investigate the association between corneal biomechanical parameters using the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) and glaucoma severity.

Design: Observational cross-sectional study.

Methods: Two hundred ninety-nine eyes of 191 patients with confirmed or suspect glaucoma were recruited at the University of California, San Diego.

African descent and glaucoma evaluation study: asymmetry of structural measures in normal participants.

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to determine the degree of intereye asymmetry of optic disc topography and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in healthy individuals of African descent (AD) and European descent (ED).

Design: Observational, clinical study.

Methods: Five hundred nineteen healthy individuals (AD, n=262, mean age=44.

Structure-function relationships using the Cirrus spectral domain optical coherence tomograph and standard automated perimetry.

Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between glaucomatous structural damage assessed by the Cirrus Spectral Domain OCT (SDOCT) and functional loss as measured by standard automated perimetry (SAP).

Methods: Four hundred twenty-two eyes (78 healthy, 210 suspects, 134 glaucomatous) of 250 patients were recruited from the longitudinal Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study and from the African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study. All eyes underwent testing with the Cirrus SDOCT and SAP within a 6-month period.

Structure-function relationship in glaucoma using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

Objectives: To determine the structure-function relationship in glaucoma using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT)-derived structural measurements and to evaluate this relationship using a linear model.

Methods: In a cross-sectional study, structure-function relationships were determined for all the participants in the DIGS (Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study) and the ADAGES (African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study) who had undergone standard automated perimetry (SAP) and SDOCT within 6 months of each other. Strength of relationship was reported as coefficient of determination (R(2)).

Combining structural and functional measurements to improve detection of glaucoma progression using Bayesian hierarchical models.

Purpose: To present and evaluate a new methodology for combining longitudinal information from structural and functional tests to improve detection of glaucoma progression and estimation of rates of change.

Methods: This observational cohort study included 434 eyes of 257 participants observed for an average of 4.2 ± 1.

Corneal asphericity and spherical aberration after refractive surgery.

Purpose: To evaluate changes in corneal asphericity (Q) and spherical aberrations after refractive surgery using Scheimpflug imaging.

Setting: University of California, San Diego, Shiley Eye Center, La Jolla, California, USA.

Design: Cohort study.

Comparison of the diagnostic accuracies of the Spectralis, Cirrus, and RTVue optical coherence tomography devices in glaucoma.

Purpose: To compare the diagnostic accuracies of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measurements obtained with the Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering, Dossenheim, Germany), Cirrus (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA), and RTVue (Optovue Inc., Fremont, CA) devices for the detection of glaucoma.

Design: Diagnostic, case-control study.

Agreement among spectral-domain optical coherence tomography instruments for assessing retinal nerve fiber layer thickness.

Purpose: To assess the agreement of parapapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measurements among 3 spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) instruments.

Design: Observational, cross-sectional study.

Methods: Three hundred thirty eyes (88 with glaucoma, 206 glaucoma suspects, 36 healthy) from 208 individuals enrolled in the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study (DIGS) were imaged using RTVue, Spectralis and Cirrus in a single visit.

Effect of disease severity and optic disc size on diagnostic accuracy of RTVue spectral domain optical coherence tomograph in glaucoma.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of disease severity and optic disc size on the diagnostic accuracies of optic nerve head (ONH), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and macular parameters with RTVue (Optovue, Fremont, CA) spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) in glaucoma.

Methods: 110 eyes of 62 normal subjects and 193 eyes of 136 glaucoma patients from the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study underwent ONH, RNFL, and macular imaging with RTVue. Severity of glaucoma was based on visual field index (VFI) values from standard automated perimetry.

Comparison of corneal biomechanical properties between healthy blacks and whites using the Ocular Response Analyzer.

Purpose: To analyze and compare corneal biomechanical properties in healthy black and white subjects using the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) and to evaluate their relationship with other ocular parameters.

Design: Observational cross-sectional study.

Methods: One hundred eighty one eyes (46 in blacks, 135 in whites) of 119 patients (37 blacks, 82 whites) were recruited from the longitudinal Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study (DIGS) and from the African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study (ADAGES) at the University of California, San Diego.

Effect of disease severity on the performance of Cirrus spectral-domain OCT for glaucoma diagnosis.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of disease severity on the diagnostic accuracy of the Cirrus Optical Coherence Tomograph (Cirrus HD-OCT; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc., Dublin, CA) for glaucoma detection.

Methods: One hundred thirty-five glaucomatous eyes of 99 patients and 79 normal eyes of 47 control subjects were recruited from the longitudinal Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study (DIGS).

Ascorbic acid concentration is reduced in the secondary aqueous humour of glaucomatous patients.

Background: We aimed to evaluate the ascorbic acid concentration in secondary aqueous humour (AH) from glaucomatous patients and to compare it with primary AH from primary open-angle glaucoma patients and non-glaucomatous patients.

Methods: Primary AH samples were prospectively obtained from clinically uncontrolled primary open-angle glaucoma patients and senile cataract patients (controls) prior to trabeculectomy and cataract surgery. Secondary AH samples were obtained from eyes with previous intraocular surgery, prior to trabeculectomy or cataract surgery.

Dimethyl sulfoxide as a block to the deleterious effect of nicotine in a random skin flap in the rat.

Background: In plastic surgery, a causal relationship between heavy smoking and flap necrosis has been shown. The deleterious effect of nicotine in random skin flaps in rats has also been proven, being related to vasoconstriction and possibly reactive oxygen species. This study aimed to verify the capacity of dimethyl sulfoxide, an antioxidant, to block the deleterious effect of nicotine in a random skin flap.