Dynamics of rumen methane production after nitrate addition.

The present study aimed to assess the dynamics of rumen methane (CH) production following the addition of NaNO This was done using an rumen fermentation system that ensures continuous gas and methane assessments. Four different levels of NaNO were used to get the final nitrate concentrations of 0.5, 1.

effects of different levels of quebracho and chestnut tannins on rumen methane production, fermentation parameters, and microbiota.

Both condensed and hydrolysable tannins (CTs and HTs, respectively) have the ability to reduce enteric CH production in ruminants. However, the precise mechanism of action is not fully understood. Among the proposed hypotheses are the reduction of ruminal digestibility, direct control action on protozoa, reduction of archaea, and a hydrogen sink mechanism.

In vitro aflatoxins recovery after changing buffer or protozoa concentrations in the rumen fermentation fluid.

This study simulates in vitro the effects of (i) rumen acidity and (ii) change in rumen protozoa numbers on the recovery of aflatoxins (AFs). Two 24-h fermentation experiments were carried out using the same batch in vitro fermentation systems and substrate (dried corn meal) containing 11.42, 2.

A new equipment for continuous measurement of methane production in a batch in vitro rumen system.

A new rumen batch fermentation system that allows continuous measures of total gas (GP) and methane production (MP) was tested. The fermentation system is composed of glass bottles connected to gas counters (Ritter Apparatebau GmbH & Co. KG) and an infrared gas analyser that measures the methane concentration.

Evaluation of dietary addition of 2 essential oils from , or their components (bornyl acetate, camphor, and eucalyptol) on in vitro ruminal fermentation and microbial community composition.

This study investigated the effects of 2 essential oils extracted from plants collected in 2 different valleys of the Italian Alps and 3 pure compounds of oils - bornyl acetate (BOR), camphor (CAM), and eucalyptol (EUCA) - on in vitro ruminal fermentation and microbiota. An in vitro batch fermentation experiment (Exp. 1) tested the addition of all of the substances (2 essential oils and 3 compounds) in fermentation bottles (120 mL) at 48 h of incubation, whereas a subsequent in vitro continuous culture experiment (Exp.

Supplementation of diets with tannins from Chestnut wood or an extract from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and effects on in vitro rumen fermentation, protozoa count and methane production.

The aim of the trial was to evaluate the effect of dietary additions of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni extract (SB) and Chestnut wood tannin (CWT) on the in vitro rumen fermentability, protozoal population and methane yield. Both plant products were tested at 3 different levels of inclusion (0.75, 1.

In vitro rumen fermentation of feed substrates added with chestnut tannins or an extract from Bertoni.

Rumen fermentation parameters and microbiota were evaluated in 3 in vitro rumen fermentation experiments after addition of chestnut tannins (CWT) or an extract from Bertoni (SB) to substrates. A control (CTR) substrate was fermented alone or added with 1.5% of CWT or SB extracts in a batch culture system (Exp.

Rumen Inoculum Collected from Cows at Slaughter or from a Continuous Fermenter and Preserved in Warm, Refrigerated, Chilled or Freeze-Dried Environments for In Vitro Tests.

The utilization of animal donors of rumen fluid for laboratory experiments can raise ethical concerns, and alternatives to the collection of rumen fluids from live animals are urgently requested. The aim of this study was to compare the fresh rumen fluid (collected at slaughter, W) with that obtained from a continuous fermenter (RCF) and three methods of rumen fluid preservation (refrigeration, R, chilling, C, and freeze-drying, FD). The fermentability of different inoculum was evaluated by three in vitro tests (neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and crude protein (CP) degradability and gas production, NDFd, RDP and GP, respectively) using six feeds as substrates.

Short note: Infliximab recovery in a simulated intestinal fluid of the upper intestine tract.

Background: The oral administration of Infliximab (IFX) antibody would ensure a direct action on inflamed intestinal tissues without side effects. Thus, investigations about its resilience within the intestinal environment are required.

Objective: Quantify the IFX recovery in a simulated upper intestinal environment.

A nutritional and rumen ecological evaluation of the biorefinery by-product alfalfa silage cake supplemented with Scrophularia striata extract using the rumen simulation technique.

Background: By-products of the food production chain are gaining importance as feedstuffs for ruminants. Alfalfa silage cake (AC) is an unexploited biorefinery by-product rich in fiber. The aim of this study was to test AC, using an in vitro rumen simulation technique (Rusitec), for its suitability as a fiber source for cattle.

Effect of dietary nitrogen level and source on mRNA expression of urea transporters in the rumen epithelium of fattening bulls.

This paper aims to study the effect of the dietary treatments on mRNA expression of urea transporter B (UT-B) and some aquaporins (AQP) in rumen epithelium of Italian Simmental young bulls. Eighty animals allocated to 16 pens were fed from about 500 to 650 kg body weight with four experimental diets, which resulted from the combination of two crude protein levels (125 and 110 g/kg dry matter, diets M and L, respectively) and two nitrogen sources (soybean meal (SBM) or SBM partly replaced by an isonitrogenous mixture of corn and urea; diets -U and +U, respectively). At slaughtering samples of blood and rumen epithelium were collected from six bulls for each diet.

Topographic distribution of gastritis in heavy pigs investigated by a geographic information system approach.

The aim of this paper was to determine the topographic distribution of gastritis lesions in pigs through an open source geographic information system (GIS) software analysis. The stomachs of 146 Italian heavy pigs were collected at slaughter and subjected to macroscopic pathological examination of the internal mucosa. A total of 623 lesions were either classified as hyperplastic or follicular (97%) with the remaining minority of lesions categorised as atrophic and simple.

Effect of dietary inclusion of whole ear corn silage on stomach development and gastric mucosa integrity of heavy pigs at slaughter.

The effect of dietary inclusion of whole ear corn silage on stomach development and on the incidence of gastric lesions was studied in heavy pigs. Three groups of 14 castrated male pigs were fed a control cereal-based diet and two diets containing whole ear corn silage (15% or 30% DM) from 90 kg bodyweight to slaughter at 170 kg. The diets with whole ear corn silage increased the amount of neutral detergent fibre in the stomach contents, the weight of the organs and the area of the pyloric region.