Splenocolic fistula in a patient with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: A case report and review of literature.

A fistula that connects the bowel to other organs, such as the urinary bladder or small intestine, is a relatively frequent complication, often associated with inflammatory diseases such as diverticulitis, Crohn's disease, colorectal cancer, or lymphoma. Splenocolic fistula is an extremely rare condition described in the literature. It can occur in cases of splenic tumors, including splenic diffuse large B cell lymphoma.

Case Report: Splenic Ischemia Induced by Volvulus of Ileum.

A 31-year-old female patient was admitted to the emergency department with signs and symptoms of acute abdomen. Urgent CT scan was performed and small bowel volvulus, with whirlpool sign, was noted and torsion of the spleen was also involved too.

A systematic evaluation of mechanisms, material effects, and protein-dependent differences on friction-related protein particle formation in formulation and filling steps.

Particle formation by physical degradation during the compounding step of biopharmaceuticals is a common concern and found in vessels with bottom mounted stirrers. It was potentially linked to sliding bearings, however, the exact mechanism was still unclear. In this study, custom designed small scale bearings in combination with an IgG1 antibody as model protein were used for investigations of the degradation mechanism inside a bearing.

MRI findings of neutrophilic fasciitis in a patient with acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet's syndrome).

Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet's syndrome) is a clinical condition that is histopathologically characterized by infiltration of the dermis with mature neutrophils with or without vessel wall destruction. Frequently, an extracutaneous systemic disease can be seen. We report magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of neutrophilic fasciitis in a 62-year-old man with Sweet's syndrome and musculoskeletal involvement.

Site-directed enzymatic PEGylation of the human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.

Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is a widely used polymer employed to increase the circulating half-life of proteins in blood and to decrease their immunogenicity and antigenicity. PEG attaches to free amines, typically at lysine residues or at the N-terminal amino acid. This lack of selectivity can present problems when a PEGylated protein therapeutic is being developed, because predictability of activity and manufacturing reproducibility are needed for regulatory approval.

Site-specific pegylation of G-CSF by reversible denaturation.

A new strategy has been developed for extending the possibility of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) modification to accessible thiol groups of biologically active proteins. In particular, thiol-reactive PEGs have been coupled to the cysteine 17 of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), which is known to be partially buried in a hydrophobic protein pocket. The PEG linking was accomplished by partial protein denaturation with 3 M guanidine.

Anti-cancer PEG-enzymes: 30 years old, but still a current approach.

PEGylation (i.e. the covalent link of PEG strands) is a well known technique used to improve pharmaceutical properties of bioactive proteins and peptides.

Modular, self-assembling peptide linkers for stable and regenerable carbon nanotube biosensor interfaces.

As part of an effort to develop nanoelectronic sensors for biological targets, we tested the potential to incorporate coiled coils as metallized, self-assembling, site-specific molecular linkers on carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Based on a previously conceived modular anchor-probe approach, a system was designed in which hydrophobic residues (valines and leucines) form the interface between the two helical peptide components. Charged residues (glutamates and arginines) on the borders of the hydrophobic interface increase peptide solubility, and provide stability and specificity for anchor-probe assembly.

Proteins, recognition networks and developing interfaces for macromolecular biosensing.

Genomics and proteomics discovery is leading to the identification of all proteins and to the opportunity, and challenge, to reveal the protein recognition networks that drive virtually all biological processes. Over the past decade, biosensors have emerged as a key technology for detection and analysis of biomolecular interactions. An important limitation in developing such biosensors is that the focus has been mainly on sensor platforms, the transducing hardware that converts interaction signals into recorded data, without adequately considering the role of molecular interfaces, the elements of sensors that interact with analytes to produce signals.

Selective alkylation and acylation of alpha and epsilon amino groups with PEG in a somatostatin analogue: tailored chemistry for optimized bioconjugates.

The effects of the type and location of polymer grafting on the biological activity of different mono-PEG derivatives of the somatostatin analogue RC160 were evaluated. A chemical strategy to obtain mono-PEG alkylation or acylation of the peptide's alpha-terminal or lysil-epsilon primary amines was devised. Selective BOC protection of the two available primary amines, followed by reaction with two different PEG reagents and removal of the protecting group, was carried out.

Polyethylene glycol-superoxide dismutase, a conjugate in search of exploitation.

Without a doubt PEG-SOD has been the enzyme most studied in PEGylation. One can say that it represents the preferred model to assess chemistries for PEG activation, analytical procedures suitable for conjugate characterization, the influence of PEG size in conjugate removal from circulation and elimination of immunogenicity and antigenicity, and the effect of route of administration. The effect of PEG conjugation was studied in vitro and in vivo models in comparison with the free enzyme and the following conclusions may be drawn: (1) At the blood vessel level, PEG-SOD has been shown to provide a greater resistance to oxidant stress, to improve endothelium relaxation and inhibit lipid oxidation.