Extracellular Vesicle Protein Expression in Doped Bioactive Glasses: Further Insights Applying Anomaly Detection.

Proteomic analysis of extracellular vesicles presents several challenges due to the unique nature of these small membrane-bound structures. Alternative analyses could reveal outcomes hidden from standard statistics to explore and develop potential new biological hypotheses that may have been overlooked during the initial evaluation of the data. An analysis sequence focusing on deviating protein expressions from donors' primary cells was performed, leveraging machine-learning techniques to analyze small datasets, and it has been applied to evaluate extracellular vesicles' protein content gathered from mesenchymal stem cells cultured on bioactive glass discs doped or not with metal ions.

Fusion and classification algorithm of octacalcium phosphate production based on XRD and FTIR data.

The present manuscript tested an automated analysis sequence to provide a decision support system to track the OCP synthesis from [Formula: see text]-TCP over time. Initially, the XRD and FTIR signals from a hundredfold scaled-up hydrolysis of OCP from [Formula: see text]-TCP were fused and modeled by the curve fitting based on the significantly established maxima from the literature and nine features extracted from the fitted shapes. Afterward, the analysis sequence enclosed the machine learning techniques for feature ranking, spatial filtering, and dimensionality reduction to support the automatic recognition of the synthesis stages.

Technical aspects and validation of custom digital algorithms for hand volumetry.

Background: Establishing baseline measurements on normative data is essential to evaluate standards of care and the impact of clinical or surgical treatments. Hand volume determination is relevant in pathological conditions where the anatomical structures might undergo modifications like post-treatment chronic edema. For example, one of the consequences of breast cancer treatment is the possibility of developing uni-lateral lymphedema on the upper limbs.

A Software Suite for Limb Volume Analysis Applicable in Clinical Settings: Upper Limb Quantification.

In medicine, tridimensional scanning devices produce digital surfaces that replicate the bodies of patients, facilitating anthropometric measurement and limb volume quantification in pathological conditions. Free programs that address this task are not commonly found, with doctors mainly relying on proprietary software. This aspect brings reduced reproducibility of studies and evaluation of alternative measures.

Molecular Toxicity Virtual Screening Applying a Quantized Computational SNN-Based Framework.

Spiking neural networks are biologically inspired machine learning algorithms attracting researchers' attention for their applicability to alternative energy-efficient hardware other than traditional computers. In the current work, spiking neural networks have been tested in a quantitative structure-activity analysis targeting the toxicity of molecules. Multiple public-domain databases of compounds have been evaluated with spiking neural networks, achieving accuracies compatible with high-quality frameworks presented in the previous literature.

Algorithm-Based Risk Identification in Patients with Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) could be one consequence of breast cancer (BC). Although several risk factors have been identified, a predictive algorithm still needs to be made available to determine the patient's risk from an ensemble of clinical variables. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the risk of BCRL by investigating the characteristics of autogenerated clusters of patients.

Polygenic risk modeling of tumor stage and survival in bladder cancer.

Introduction: Bladder cancer assessment with non-invasive gene expression signatures facilitates the detection of patients at risk and surveillance of their status, bypassing the discomforts given by cystoscopy. To achieve accurate cancer estimation, analysis pipelines for gene expression data (GED) may integrate a sequence of several machine learning and bio-statistical techniques to model complex characteristics of pathological patterns.

Methods: Numerical experiments tested the combination of GED preprocessing by discretization with tree ensemble embeddings and nonlinear dimensionality reductions to categorize oncological patients comprehensively.

A Minimal Setup for Spontaneous Smile Quantification Applicable for Valence Detection.

Tracking emotional responses as they unfold has been one of the hallmarks of applied neuroscience and related disciplines, but recent studies suggest that automatic tracking of facial expressions have low validation. In this study, we focused on the direct measurement of facial muscles involved in expressions such as smiling. We used single-channel surface electromyography (sEMG) to evaluate the muscular activity from the Zygomaticus Major face muscle while participants watched music videos.

Which digit is larger? Brain responses to number and size interactions in a numerical Stroop task.

When comparing the digits of different physical sizes, the processing of numerical value interacts with the processing of physical size. Given the universal use of Arabic numbers in mathematics and daily life, this study aims to elucidate the cognitive processes involved in the interactions of task-relevant and task-irrelevant features during information processing. We investigated this question by examining event-related potential (ERP) using a modified version of the size congruity comparison, which is a Stroop-like task.

Eye position affects orienting of visuospatial attention.

The ability to detect an incoming visual stimulus is enhanced by knowledge of stimulus location (orienting of visuospatial attention). Although the brain mechanisms at the basis of this enhancement are not yet fully clarified, there is evidence that orienting of attention is accompanied by the activation of oculomotor circuits. It remains unclear, however, whether this oculomotor activity is an epiphenomenon or is functionally related to the attentional process.