Effects of Raloxifene Combined with Low-dose Conjugated Estrogen on the Endometrium in Menopausal Women at High Risk for Breast Cancer.

Objectives: To compare the effects of low-dose conjugated estrogen (CE), raloxifene, and the combination thereof on the endometrium of postmenopausal women.

Methods: Postmenopausal women between 45 and 60 years of age, with Gail score≥1.67 and no endometrial disorders, were randomly assigned to receive low-dose CE (0.

IGF-1R and Leptin Expression Profile and the Effects of Metformin Treatment on Metabolic and Endocrine Parameters in PCOS Mice.

We aim to assess the effects of metformin treatment on metabolic and endocrine parameters and genes expression related to the insulin-responsive pathway in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This study comprises twenty-eight obese mice divided into three metformin-treated groups for seven and twenty days and eight nonobese and nontreated ones. We found a significant decrease in glycemia after metformin treatment at days seven and twenty.

Physiotherapeutic approach in early and late post-menopausal Brazilian women.

To evaluate changes in joints after physiotherapy in post-menopausal women, specifically to identify clinical responses to the measurements of flexibility, functional capacity and joint pain in early and late post-menopausal women at a multi-disciplinary health education programme. A total of 69 women participated in the Integral Program for the Attention to Climacteric Women at the Department of Gynecology - Federal University of Sao Paulo and were sorted into two groups of early (n = 32) and late (n = 37) post-menopause. The average age of menopause was 47.

Estrogens plus raloxifene on endometrial safety and menopausal symptoms--semisystematic review.

Objective: The aim of this study was to summarize the evidence of endometrial safety and quality of life assessment in postmenopausal women taking raloxifene (RLX) + estrogens (E).

Methods: Clinical studies reporting RLX + E were identified using Medline and LILACS and through reviewing reference lists of highly significant publications. Articles published in Portuguese, Spanish, and English from the past 10 years were considered.

[Effects of high doses of genistein on mammary gland of female rat].

Purpose: to evaluate the effects of high doses of genistein on the mammary glands of adult female rats.

Methods: Twenty-eight days after oophorectomy, 50 adult female rats were divided into five groups, as follows: a control group (Ctrl), three rats that received genistein (GEN) at the doses of 46 mg/kg (GEN46;), 125 mg/kg (GEN125) and 250 mg/kg (GEN250); one group received conjugated equine estrogen at the dose of 50 µg/g (ECE50). The substances were administered daily for 30 consecutive days by gavage and in the last week of the period of treatment, colpocytological exams were carried out for seven consecutive days.

Involvement of GDF-9, leptin, and IGF1 receptors associated with adipose tissue transplantation on fertility restoration in obese anovulatory mice.

The aim was to analyze the effect of adipose tissue transplantation on growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9), insulin growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), and leptin receptor (LEPR) protein expression in ovaries of obese anovulatory mice. Leptin-deficient female (ob/ob) and wild-type mice were divided into untreated ob/ob mice and gonadal white adipose tissue transplanted ob/ob mice, with evaluation after 7, 15, and 45 days and compared to control wild-type mice. The corporal weight and glycemia levels increased in the obese group concomitant with polymicrocyst formation and abundant estrone, mimicking anovulatory disease.

Proliferation of the superficial epithelium of ovaries in senile female rats following oral administration of conjugated equine estrogens.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of different concentrations of estrogen on the ovarian superficial epithelium in senile female rats.

Design: Fifty female rats at 15 months of age and with irregular estrous cycles were selected and randomly divided into five experimental groups containing equal numbers of animals in each: GPROP, control group receiving vehicle only; GE0.05mg, group receiving conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) at a dose of 50 microg/kg; GE0.

Effect of estrogen-progestin hormonal replacement therapy on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in postmenopausal women.

Objective: To evaluate antithrombin III (AT), thrombin (Fragment 1+2 [F1+2] and thrombin-antithrombin [TAT]) generation markers, as well as other coagulation parameters, such as prothrombin time, partial activated thromboplastin time, thrombin time, fibrinogen, euglobulin lysis time, and platelet count, in postmenopausal women after hormonal therapy.

Study Design: Forty-five patients who received either 0.625 mg/day unopposed oral conjugated equine estrogen (CEE), 0.

Estrogen therapy reduces nocturnal periodic limb movements.

It is believed that periodic limb movement (PLM) and more specifically, restless leg syndrome (RLS), are a common cause of insomnia. And one study in the literature examined PLM when associated to the use of estrogens. Polo-Kantola et al.

Effects of melatonin on the endometrial morphology and embryo implantation in rats.

Objective: To determine the effects of melatonin on rat endometrium morphology and embryo implantation.

Design: Experimental study.

Setting: Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil.

The effects of soy extract on the uterus of castrated adult rats.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different doses of a standardized soy extract on the uterus of castrated rats.

Methods: Fifty-six adult castrated female Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups (eight animals in each) that received: GI--drug vehicle (propylene glycol); GII--soy extract 10mg/kg per day; GIII--soy extract 50mg/kg per day; GIV--soy extract 100mg/kg per day; GV--soy extract 300mg/kg per day; GVI--soy extract 600mg/kg per day; GVII-conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) 200microg/kg per day. After 21 days of treatment, all animals were sacrificed and fragments of the uterine horns were immediately removed, fixed in 10% formaldehyde and submitted to routine histological techniques for morphometric study.

Effect of conjugated equine estrogens and tamoxifen administration on thyroid gland histomorphology of the rat.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the action of the conjugated equine estrogens and tamoxifen on the morphology of thyroid gland in ovariectomized (OVx) rats.

Methods: Conjugated equine estrogens (CEE), clinically used as estrogen therapy, is a complex formulation containing multiple estrogens that decrease menopausal symptoms. Thirty ovariectomized rats were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups: GI, vehicle (propylene glycol); GII, CEE 200 microg/kg per day; and GIII, tamoxifen 1 mg/kg per day.

Metoclopramide-induced hyperprolactinaemia caused marked decline in pinopodes and pregnancy rates in mice.

Background: The impact of hyperprolactinaemia on endometrial function, along with embryo implantation, has been the subject of discussion. This article examines whether experimental hyperprolactinaemia can affect mouse ovarian function, endometrial pinopodes and embryo implantation.

Methods: For pinopode analysis, 60 female mice were randomly divided into two groups: control (vehicle) and experimental [metoclopramide (MCP) 200 microg per day].

Randomized clinical trial comparing conjugated equine estrogens and isoflavones in postmenopausal women: a pilot study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of isoflavone on the climacteric symptoms (Kupperman Menopausal index), vaginal pH, vaginal cytology (vaginal maturation index) and endometrium (evaluated by ultrasound and biopsy) in postmenopausal women.

Methods: It was a single-center, 6-month, randomized, double-blind, estrogen-controlled trial. Seventy-nine women were randomly assigned to one of the two treatment groups: isoflavone (n=40): 300 mg of the standardized soy extract with a medium dose of 120 mg isoflavones/day as glycoside and aglycone (60 mg twice a day), or estrogen (n=39): one capsule of 0.

Climacteric symptoms and quality of life: validity of women's health questionnaire.

Objective: To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Portuguese version of the Women's Health Questionnaire.

Methods: In order to evaluate the Women's Health Questionnaire (WHQ), an analytical cross-sectional study was carried out at the women's menopause outpatient clinic of a university hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. There were studied 87 women in perimenopause or menopause, defined as experiencing at least one year's absence of menstrual flow.

Nonobese women with polycystic ovary syndrome respond better than obese women to treatment with metformin.

Objective: To determine the clinical, hormonal, and biochemical effects of metformin therapy in obese and nonobese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Design: Controlled clinical study.

Setting: Department of Gynecology of Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.