Three-dimensional automated measurements of femoral angles for the preoperative planning in dogs with patellar luxation.

Objectives: To report the surgical outcomes of treating patellar luxation (PL) in dogs with surgical planning based on three-dimensional (3D) automated measurement of femoral angles.

Study Design: Multicenter retrospective study.

Methods: Forty-one dogs with PL underwent preoperative computed tomography (CT).

Three-dimensional volume rendering planning, surgical treatment, and clinical outcomes for femoral and tibial detorsional osteotomies in dogs.

Objectives: To describe a computed tomographic (CT) methodology for planning the correction of femoral and tibial torsion and report the clinical outcomes after femoral (FDO) and tibial (TDO) detorsional osteotomy in dogs affected by torsion malalignment and patellar luxation (PL).

Study Design: Multicenter retrospective study.

Animals: Eighteen client-owned dogs.

Active Materials for 3D Printing in Small Animals: Current Modalities and Future Directions for Orthopedic Applications.

The successful clinical application of bone tissue engineering requires customized implants based on the receiver's bone anatomy and defect characteristics. Three-dimensional (3D) printing in small animal orthopedics has recently emerged as a valuable approach in fabricating individualized implants for receiver-specific needs. In veterinary medicine, because of the wide range of dimensions and anatomical variances, receiver-specific diagnosis and therapy are even more critical.

Colloidal Iron Oxide Formulation for Equine Hoof Disinfection.

The presence of bacteria of various origins on horse hoofs enables the onset of infections following trauma or even post-surgical wounds. Thus, the analysis of new antibacterial substances is of fundamental importance. In this study, the antibacterial efficacy of Iron Animals (IA), a stable colloidal suspension of iron oxide, organic acids, and detergents, was tested in vitro and in vivo.

Osteogenic Properties of 3D-Printed Silica-Carbon-Calcite Composite Scaffolds: Novel Approach for Personalized Bone Tissue Regeneration.

Carbon enriched bioceramic (C-Bio) scaffolds have recently shown exceptional results in terms of their biological and mechanical properties. The present study aims at assessing the ability of the C-Bio scaffolds to affect the commitment of canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cAD-MSCs) and investigating the influence of carbon on cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of cAD-MSCs in vitro. The commitment of cAD-MSCs to an osteoblastic phenotype has been evaluated by expression of several osteogenic markers using real-time PCR.

A three-dimensional computed tomographic volume rendering methodology to measure the tibial torsion angle in dogs.

Objective: To describe a three-dimensional (3D) computed tomographic (CT) methodology to measure the tibial torsion angle (TTa) and to evaluate intrarater and interrater agreements and accuracy through comparison with anatomic measurements.

Study Design: Ex vivo cadaveric study.

Sample Population: Thirty-six tibiae from 18 dogs.

Computed tomographic localization of the deepest portion of the femoral trochlear groove in healthy dogs.

Objective: To validate a computed tomographic (CT) method to measure the femoral trochlear groove depth (FTGD).

Study Design: Cadaveric study.

Sample Population: Fifteen dogs, 26 femoral trochleae.

Accuracy of an automated three-dimensional technique for the computation of femoral angles in dogs.

Aims: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of a three-dimensional (3D) automated technique (computer-aided design (aCAD)) for the measurement of three canine femoral angles: anatomical lateral distal femoral angle (aLDFA), femoral neck angle (FNA) and femoral torsion angle.

Methods: Twenty-eight femurs equally divided intotwo groups (normal and abnormal) were obtained from 14 dogs of different conformations (dolicomorphic and chondrodystrophicCT scans and 3D scanner acquisitions were used to create stereolithographic (STL) files , which were run in a CAD platform. Two blinded observers separately performed the measurements using the STL obtained from CT scans (CT aCAD) and 3D scanner (3D aCAD), which was considered the gold standard method.

Haemodynamic changes during propofol induction in dogs: new findings and approach of monitoring.

Background: Propofol is one of the most widely used injectable anaesthetic agents in veterinary practice. Cardiovascular effects related to propofol use in dogs remain less well defined. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the haemodynamic changes during induction of general anaesthesia with propofol in healthy dogs, by a beat-to-beat continuous monitoring.

Computation of Femoral Canine Morphometric Parameters in Three-Dimensional Geometrical Models.

Objective: To define and validate a method for the measurement of 3-dimensional (3D) morphometric parameters in polygonal mesh models of canine femora.

Study Design: Ex vivo/computerized model.

Sample Population: Sixteen femora from 8 medium to large-breed canine cadavers (mean body weight 28.

Decellularization and Delipidation Protocols of Bovine Bone and Pericardium for Bone Grafting and Guided Bone Regeneration Procedures.

The combination of bone grafting materials with guided bone regeneration (GBR) membranes seems to provide promising results to restore bone defects in dental clinical practice. In the first part of this work, a novel protocol for decellularization and delipidation of bovine bone, based on multiple steps of thermal shock, washes with detergent and dehydration with alcohol, is described. This protocol is more effective in removal of cellular materials, and shows superior biocompatibility compared to other three methods tested in this study.

Treatment by Therapeutic Magnetic Resonance (TMR™) increases fibroblastic activity and keratinocyte differentiation in an in vitro model of 3D artificial skin.

This study investigated the effect of extremely low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) on skin wound healing in an in vitro dermal-like tissue. In this study, fibroblast and endothelial cells were utilized for the in vitro reconstruction of dermal-like tissues treated for various times up to 21 days with PEMFs. The effects of PEMFs on cell proliferation (MTT test), cell ageing (β-galactosidase test, ROS production), gene expression, the quality of the extracellular matrix and the amount of fibroblast growth factors were analysed.

Tissue Engineering Strategies as Tools for Personalized Meningioma Treatment.

Pharmacogenomics, the science of how genetic makeup influences an individual's reaction to drugs, is an innovative tool for providing critical insights into how a patient will respond to a particular treatment. In the present work, we constructed cancer-like tissues to be used as tools for determining the most effective drug for an individual patient. Using tissue engineering strategies, we generated two different solid tumor-like tissues in vitro, a neuronal tumor (meningioma) and a nonmelanoma skin cancer.

Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of intravenous and extradural tramadol in dogs.

Tramadol is a synthetic opioid agonist used extensively in human and, to a lesser extent, veterinary medicine throughout the world. The clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetic profile of intravenous (i.v.