Unstable lesions of the forearm: Terminology, evaluative score and synoptic table.

The term "unstable lesions of the forearm" (ULF) was born to more easily describe how a partial or complete instability of the forearm unit might occur due to a traumatic loss of the transverse or longitudinal connection between the radius and ulna. For such an alteration to occur, at least two of the three main osteoligamentous locks (proximal, middle and distal) must be interrupted, often in association with a radial and/or ulnar fracture. Examining the historical patterns (Monteggia, Galeazzi, Essex-Lopresti and criss-cross lesions) and variants described in the literature, out of a total of 586 recorded interventions for forearm trauma, two elbow teams and one wrist team selected 75 cases of ULF.

Targeted Muscle Reinnervation and Osseointegration for Pain Relief and Prosthetic Arm Control in a Woman with Bilateral Proximal Upper Limb Amputation.

Background: Bilateral proximal upper limb loss is a dramatic life-changing event. Replacement of the lost function with prosthetic arms, including multiple mechatronic joints, has remained a challenge from the control, comfort, and pain management perspectives. Targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) is a peripheral nerve surgical procedure proposed to improve the intuitive control of the prosthetic arm and for neuroma and phantom pain management.

Diagnosis and treatment of acute Essex-Lopresti injury: focus on terminology and review of literature.

Background: Acute Essex-Lopresti injury is a rare and disabling condition of longitudinal instability of the forearm. When early diagnosed, patients report better outcomes with higher functional recovery. Aim of this study is to focus on the different lesion patterns causing forearm instability, reviewing literature and the cases treated by the Authors and to propose a new terminology for their identification.