Performance of a commercially available artificial intelligence software for the detection of confirmed pulmonary nodules and masses in canine thoracic radiography.

Advancements in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) are modest in veterinary medicine relative to their substantial growth in human medicine. However, interest in this field is increasing, and commercially available veterinary AI products are already on the market. In this retrospective, diagnostic accuracy study, the accuracy of a commercially available convolutional neural network AI product (Vetology AI®) is assessed on 56 thoracic radiographic studies of pulmonary nodules and masses, as well as 32 control cases.

Accuracy of artificial intelligence software for the detection of confirmed pleural effusion in thoracic radiographs in dogs.

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms in diagnostic radiology is a developing area in veterinary medicine and may provide substantial benefit in many clinical settings. These range from timely image interpretation in the emergency setting when no boarded radiologist is available to allowing boarded radiologists to focus on more challenging cases that require complex medical decision making. Testing the performance of artificial intelligence (AI) software in veterinary medicine is at its early stages, and only a scant number of reports of validation of AI software have been published.

Osteomyelitis in cold-stunned Kemp's ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys kempii) hospitalized for rehabilitation: 25 cases (2008-2018).

Objective: To characterize osteolytic lesions in cold-stunned Kemp's ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys kempii) hospitalized for rehabilitation and describe methods used for the management of such lesions.

Animals: 25 stranded, cold-stunned Kemp's ridley sea turtles hospitalized between 2008 and 2018.

Procedures: Medical records of sea turtles with a diagnosis of osteolytic lesions were reviewed retrospectively to obtain the date of diagnosis, clinical signs, radiographic findings, microbial culture results, hematologic and plasma biochemical data, cytologic and histologic findings, antimicrobial history, time to first negative culture result, treatment duration, and outcome.

Utility of two-view vs. three-view abdominal radiography in canines presenting with acute abdominal signs.

There are clear differences in the normal radiographic appearance of the abdominal organs between a left lateral vs. a right lateral view. While a few veterinary academic institutions have transitioned to a three-view abdominal radiographic study protocol, obtaining only two views of the canine abdomen remains the current standard in veterinary medicine.

Genital interactions during simulated copulation among marine mammals.

Genitalia are morphologically variable across many taxa and in physical contact during intromission, but little is known about how variation in form correlates with function during copulation. Marine mammals offer important insights into the evolutionary forces that act on genital morphology because they have diverse genitalia and are adapted to aquatic living and mating. Cetaceans have a fibroelastic penis and muscular vaginal folds, while pinnipeds have a baculum and lack vaginal folds.

Pain and adverse behavior in declawed cats.

Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the impact of onychectomy (declawing) upon subsequent development of back pain and unwanted behavior in cohorts of treated and control cats housed in two different locations. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study. In total, there was 137 declawed and 137 non-declawed cats, of which 176 were owned cats (88 declawed, 88 non-declawed) and 98 were shelter cats (49 declawed and 49 non-declawed).

A SURVEY OF RADIOLOGISTS AND REFERRING VETERINARIANS REGARDING IMAGING REPORTS.

An imaging report is a vital communication tool between a radiologist and clinician. In a field where in-person communication may not be readily available, it is imperative that the report clearly relays pertinent clinical information in a timely manner. The purpose of this observational study was to describe and compare opinions and expectations of small animal general practitioners, veterinary specialists, and veterinary radiologists regarding the imaging report.

Diagnostic sensitivity of bone scintigraphy for equine stifle disorders.

Disorders of the stifle are a common cause of lameness in horses yet the accuracy of scintigraphy for diagnosis of stifle conditions is controversial. The aim of retrospective cross-sectional study was to determine the diagnostic sensitivity (Se) of bone scintigraphy in detecting stifle disease and to determine if two orthogonal scintigraphic images improve diagnostic Se. Horses that underwent scintigraphic examination during a two-year period were included.

Computed tomography and cross-sectional anatomy of the thorax of the live bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus).

Pulmonary disease is one of the leading causes of cetacean morbidity and mortality in the wild and in managed collections. The purpose of this study was to present the computed tomographic (CT) appearance of the thorax of the live bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) out-of-water and to describe the technical and logistical parameters involved in CT image acquisition in this species. Six thoracic CT evaluations of four conscious adult bottlenose dolphins were performed between April 2007 and May 2012.

A linear-encoding model explains the variability of the target morphology in regeneration.

A fundamental assumption of today's molecular genetics paradigm is that complex morphology emerges from the combined activity of low-level processes involving proteins and nucleic acids. An inherent characteristic of such nonlinear encodings is the difficulty of creating the genetic and epigenetic information that will produce a given self-assembling complex morphology. This 'inverse problem' is vital not only for understanding the evolution, development and regeneration of bodyplans, but also for synthetic biology efforts that seek to engineer biological shapes.

Prevalence, distribution, and progression of radiographic abnormalities in the lungs of cold-stunned Kemp's ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys kempii): 89 cases (2002-2005).

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence, distribution, and progression of radiographic abnormalities in the lungs of cold-stunned Kemp's ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys kempii) and associations between these abnormalities and body weight, carapace length, and hematologic and plasma biochemical variables.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: 89 cold-stunned juvenile Kemp's ridley sea turtles.

Pulmonary ultrasound findings in a bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus population.

Lung disease is common among wild and managed populations of bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus. The purpose of the study was to apply standardized techniques to the ultrasound evaluation of dolphin lungs, and to identify normal and abnormal sonographic findings associated with pleuropulmonary diseases. During a 5 yr period (2005 to 2010), 498 non-cardiac thoracic ultrasound exams were performed on bottlenose dolphins at the Navy Marine Mammal Program in San Diego, California, USA.

Magnetic resonance imaging of navicular bursa adhesions.

Adhesions occur in the navicular bursa between the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) and other structures. Our objectives were to describe the appearance of navicular bursa adhesions on high-field magnetic resonance (MR) images, to compare these findings to findings at navicular bursoscopy, and to determine the prevalence of lesions in the remainder of the podotrochlear apparatus. Sixteen forelimbs from 14 horses that underwent MR imaging and navicular bursoscopy were evaluated.

Feasibility of bloodless liver resection using Lumagel, a reverse thermoplastic polymer, to produce temporary, targeted hepatic blood flow interruption.

Background:   Lumagel, a reverse thermosensitive polymer (RTP), provides targeted flow interruption to the kidney by reversibly plugging segmental branches of the renal artery, allowing blood-free partial nephrectomy. Extending this technology to the liver requires the development of techniques for temporary occlusion of the hepatic artery and selected portal vein branches.

Methods:   A three-phased, 15 swine study was performed to determine feasibility, techniques and survival implications of using Lumagel for occlusion of inflow vessels to targeted portions of the liver.

Scintigraphic and radiographic evaluation of appendicular skeletal lesions in cold-stunned Kemp's ridley sea turtles.

Osteolytic appendicular skeletal lesions in eight-stranded, cold-stunned Kemp's ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys kempii) were evaluated using radiography and skeletal scintigraphy. Radiographic studies were performed monthly in most animals. Follow-up scintigraphy was performed 45-120 days after the initial exams in six turtles.

Evaluation of technetium Tc 99m-labeled biotin for scintigraphic detection of soft tissue inflammation in horses.

Objective: To evaluate the use of technetium Tc 99m-labeled EDTA-biotin monomer ((99m)Tc-EB1) as a scintigraphic imaging agent for soft tissue inflammatory lesions in horses.

Animals: 6 healthy adult horses.

Procedures: First (phase 1), the agent's safety and blood-tissue clearance and an appropriate imaging protocol were determined in 6 horses.

Effects of acepromazine on three-phase 99mTc-MDP bone imaging in 11 horses.

Horses undergoing skeletal scintigraphy can have decreased radiopharmaceutical bone uptake in the limbs. This reduces the diagnostic value of the scan. The aim of the present study was to measure the changes in count density caused by vasodilatation and increased blood flow associated with intravenous injection of acepromazine during bone scintigraphy in normal horses.

Ultrasonographic findings in abdominal mast cell disease: a retrospective study of 19 patients.

A retrospective survey from January 1989 to January 1999 of Tufts University Foster Hospital for Small Animals radiology records of 12 dogs and seven cats with cytologically or histopathologically confirmed abdominal mast cell disease was performed. Ultrasound changes in hepatic mast cell infiltration in dogs included a subjective increase in size, a diffuse increase in echogenicity, and one or more hypoechoic nodules. Ultrasound findings in the affected canine spleen included one or more hypoechoic nodules and a subjective increase in size.

Observer variability of tibial plateau slope measurement in 40 dogs with cranial cruciate ligament-deficient stifle joints.

Objective: To determine (1) the inter- and intraobserver variability in measurement of tibial plateau angle (TPA), (2) whether this inter- and intraobserver variability is related to the characteristics of the dog (age, size, and amount of degenerative joint disease [DJD]) and the experience level of the observer, and (3) the extent of any relationship between interobserver variability of TPA and the variability of the observers' selection of the specific cranial and caudal points along the tibial plateau.

Study Design: Examination of tibial radiographs of 40 dogs clinically affected with a cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL)-deficient stifle joint.

Methods: Eleven different observers, divided into 3 groups based on their level of experience with the tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) technique, measured the TPA on all 40 radiographs on 5 different occasions.