Update on Safety Profiles of Vitamins B1, B6, and B12: A Narrative Review.

The neurotropic B vitamins B1 (thiamine), B6 (pyridoxine), and B12 (cobalamin) are essential for proper functioning of the nervous system. Deficiencies may induce neurological disorders like peripheral neuropathy (PN) and mainly occur in vulnerable populations (eg, elderly, diabetics, alcoholics). As epidemiologic cohort studies raised safety concerns about vitamin B6/B12 intake being potentially associated with increased risks of hip fracture (HF) and lung cancer (LC), we explored these aspects and performed comprehensive literature searches.

Effect of Combined Diclofenac and B Vitamins (Thiamine, Pyridoxine, and Cyanocobalamin) for Low Back Pain Management: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Cumulative evidence suggests an analgesic effect of thiamine, pyridoxine, and cyanocobalamin (TPC) in monotherapy, and also when combined with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), particularly diclofenac, in a synergistic manner. The aim of this review was to determine the effects of diclofenac combined with TPC compared with diclofenac monotherapy for low back pain (LBP) management.

Methods: We searched for randomized clinical trials on the MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, and Cochrane databases of records of clinical trials, among other sources.

B Vitamins in the nervous system: Current knowledge of the biochemical modes of action and synergies of thiamine, pyridoxine, and cobalamin.

Background: Neurotropic B vitamins play crucial roles as coenzymes and beyond in the nervous system. Particularly vitamin B1 (thiamine), B6 (pyridoxine), and B12 (cobalamin) contribute essentially to the maintenance of a healthy nervous system. Their importance is highlighted by many neurological diseases related to deficiencies in one or more of these vitamins, but they can improve certain neurological conditions even without a (proven) deficiency.

Proton Pump Inhibitors and Dementia: Physiopathological Mechanisms and Clinical Consequences.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, mainly encompassing cognitive decline in subjects aged ≥65 years. Further, AD is characterized by selective synaptic and neuronal degeneration, vascular dysfunction, and two histopathological features: extracellular amyloid plaques composed of amyloid beta peptide (A) and neurofibrillary tangles formed by hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Dementia and AD are chronic neurodegenerative conditions with a complex physiopathology involving both genetic and environmental factors.