Alopecia Induced by Poly-L-Lactic Acid Injection.

Cosmetic procedures carry inherent risks of adverse events. Though rarely reported, transient and permanent alopecia are potential complications of these procedures. We report the case of a 35-year-old woman who developed pain and patches of nonscarring alopecia with erythema and edema following aesthetic application of poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) on the face and along the frontal hairline.

MFRP GENE MUTATION: NOVEL MANIFESTATION AND INSIGHTS ON PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - A CASE REPORT.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to delineate a novel manifestation linked to the mutation of the MFRP gene: a macular neovascular membrane (MNV). The authors provide detailed insights into this rare condition, shedding light on a previously unreported observation and proposing potential pathophysiological mechanisms.

Methods: A single case report from a tertiary center in Brazil was conducted for evaluation.

The Role of Senescent CD8T Cells in the Pathogenesis of Disseminated Leishmaniasis.

Disseminated leishmaniasis (DL) caused by is characterized by the presence of 10 to more than 1000 lesions spread on the body. While protection against is mediated by macrophages upon activation by IFN-γ produced by CD4T cells, the pathology of disseminated leishmaniasis (DL) could be mediated by macrophages, NK, and CD8T cells. Herein, we evaluate the participation of senescent CD8T cells in the pathogenesis of DL.

exosomes activate human macrophages to produce proinflammatory mediators.

Exosomes, organelles measuring 30-200nm, are secreted by various cell types. exosomes consist of many proteins, including heat shock proteins, annexins, Glycoprotein 63, proteins exerting signaling activity and those containing mRNA and miRNA. Studies have demonstrated that exosomes downregulate IFN-γ and inhibit the expression of microbicidal molecules, such as TNF and nitric oxide, thus creating a microenvironment favoring parasite proliferation.

Prostaglandin E2 contributes to survival and therapeutic failure in cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) present an exacerbated inflammatory response associated with tissue damage and ulcer development. In recent years, higher rates of failure to pentavalent antimoniate therapy have been observed, yet the underlying reason remains poorly understood. We hypothesize that the eicosanoid PGE2 favours the establishment of infection by , which contributes to therapeutic failure.

TNF-induced metalloproteinase-9 production is associated with neurological manifestations in HTLV-1-infected individuals.

HTLV-1-infected individuals may develop a neurologic inflammatory condition known as HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM/TSP), in which the high production of TNF is observed. These patients exhibit higher proviral loads, enhanced production of proinflammatory cytokines and lymphocyte proliferation in comparison to asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers and those presenting overactive bladder (OAB-HTLV-infected). Metalloproteinases (MMPs) are known to degrade the components of the blood-brain barrier, favoring the migration of infected cells into the central nervous system.

Proteinuria in early referral to spectral domain optical coherence tomography for macular edema detection in type 2 diabetes individuals: results from the Brazilian diabetes study.

Background: Measurement of retinal thickness by optical coherence tomography (OCT) shows higher diagnostic accuracy for diabetic macular edema (DME) than fundus photography alone. The expanding gap between the rising number of type 2 diabetes (T2D) individuals and the availability of OCT devices demands a targeted selection of individuals at higher risk of DME who would benefit the most from early referral. We sought to appraise if proteinuria should be considered in a targeted referral of T2D individuals to OCT examination.

Pioglitazone, a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Agonist, Downregulates the Inflammatory Response in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Patients Without Interfering in Killing by Monocytes.

Patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) due to infection have an exacerbated inflammatory response associated with tissue damage and ulcer development. An increase in the rate of patients who fail therapy with pentavalent antimony has been documented. An adjuvant therapy with an anti-inflammatory drug with the potential of killing would benefit CL patients.

Association between axial length and level of education in elderly patients with cataracts unexposed to electronic devices in the first two decades of life.

Purpose: To determine whether the axial length is associated with the education level in elderly patients with cataracts who were not exposed to electronic devices in the first two decades of life.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in elderly patients with cataracts in Campinas, Brazil. Patients were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 included those who completed, at most, elementary school (including the illiterate and those who partially or totally attended elementary school), which corresponded to 12 years of schooling; Group 2 included, at least, high school graduates (including those who completed high school and those who partially or fully attended university).

The Influence of Infection by Different Isolates on the Pathogenesis of Disseminated Leishmaniasis.

Disseminated Leishmaniasis (DL) is an emerging and severe form of infection defined by the presence of 10 and up to more than 1,000 skin lesions. The mechanisms underlying parasite dissemination remain unknown. Genotypic differences among species of have been associated with different clinical forms of disease.

The Leishmania antigen-specific pro-inflammatory response in cutaneous leishmaniasis is linked to disease progression but not to the therapeutic failure of pentavalent antimonials.

High levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in cutaneous leishmaniasis patients are associated with tissue damage and ulcer development. We found higher levels of TNF and IL-1β in peripheral blood mononuclear cell supernatants in response to soluble Leishmania antigen in individuals with a longer duration of disease. In addition, Leishmania braziliensis-infected patients with a longer disease progression before treatment presented a shorter time to cure after treatment onset.

Inhibition of gamma-secretase activity without interfering in Notch signalling decreases inflammatory response in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) patients present an exacerbated inflammatory response associated with tissue damage and ulcer development. Increasing numbers of patients have exhibited treatment failure, which remains not well understood. We hypothesized that adjuvant anti-inflammatory therapy would benefit CL patients.

Localized skin inflammation during cutaneous leishmaniasis drives a chronic, systemic IFN-γ signature.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a localized infection controlled by CD4+ T cells that produce IFN-γ within lesions. Phagocytic cells recruited to lesions, such as monocytes, are then exposed to IFN-γ which triggers their ability to kill the intracellular parasites. Consistent with this, transcriptional analysis of patient lesions identified an interferon stimulated gene (ISG) signature.

Influence of Obesity on Clinical Manifestations and Response to Therapy in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania braziliensis.

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by Leishmania braziliensis is characterized by a single ulcer or multiple cutaneous lesions with raised borders. Cure rates <60% are observed in response to meglumine antimoniate therapy. We investigated the impact of obesity on CL clinical presentation and therapeutic response.

Evaluation of the Ability of Miltefosine Associated with Topical GM-CSF in Modulating the Immune Response of Patients with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) due to is associated with an exaggerated inflammatory response and tissue damage. Miltefosine is more effective than pentavalent antimony (Sb) in the treatment of CL, and here, we evaluate the ability of Sb, miltefosine, and GM-CSF administered intravenously, orally, or topically, respectively, to modify the immune response. Patients were treated with miltefosine GM-CSF, miltefosine placebo, or Sb.

Macular and choroidal thickness after intracameral moxifloxacin for prevention of postcataract endophthalmitis.

Purpose: To determine any changes in macular or choroidal thickness associated with the use of intracameral moxifloxacin as postcataract endophthalmitis prophylaxis.

Setting: University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.

Design: Prospective, randomized, partially masked, single-site clinical trial.

Long-term Results of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Versus Placebo to Reduce the Risk of Recurrent Toxoplasma gondii Retinochoroiditis.

Purpose: To compare the effects of 1 year of treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) vs placebo in reducing the risk of recurrence of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis during a 6-year follow-up period.

Design: Randomized, double-masked clinical trial.

Methods: This cohort included 141 subjects recruited in Campinas, Brazil.

Costs and benefits of bevacizumab vial sharing for the treatment of retinal diseases.

Background: Antiangiogenic therapy has proved to be an important therapeutic tool for many retinal vascular diseases; however, its availability is limited in developing countries. This study sought to describe the bevacizumab vial sharing process and to evaluate the impact of this repackaging system on the costs incurred in a Brazilian public hospital.

Method: This retrospective study compared the number and costs of intravitreal antiangiogenic injections approved via court order in the first year of the study (2015) to the number and costs of the bevacizumab injections provided through the use of vial sharing in the second year of the study (2016).

Effect of intravitreal dexamethasone solution on the reduction of macular thickness in pseudophakic diabetic patients in a public hospital in Brazil: a randomized clinical trial.

Purpose: To determine the effect of short-term 4 mg/mL dexamethasone solution treatment in diabetic macular edema (DME).

Patients And Methods: Twenty-seven pseudophakic diabetic patients with visual impairment caused by DME were randomized to receive 0.01 mL (40 μg), 0.

Effects of Thermal Variables of Solidification on the Microstructure, Hardness, and Microhardness of Cu-Al-Ni-Fe Alloys.

Aluminum bronze is a complex group of copper-based alloys that may include up to 14% aluminum, but lower amounts of nickel and iron are also added, as they differently affect alloy characteristics such as strength, ductility, and corrosion resistance. The phase transformations of nickel aluminum-bronze alloys have been the subject of many studies due to the formations of intermetallics promoted by slow cooling. In the present investigation, quaternary systems of aluminum bronze alloys, specifically Cu-10wt%Al-5wt%Ni-5wt%Fe (hypoeutectoid bronze) and Cu-14wt%Al-5wt%Ni-5wi%Fe (hypereutectoid bronze), were directionally solidified upward under transient heat flow conditions.

Descriptive dermoscopy terminology in Portuguese language in Brazil: a reproducibility analysis of the 3rd consensus of the International Dermoscopy Society.

Background: Dermoscopy is a noninvasive complementary diagnostic method largely used in dermatology. Feasibility, accuracy, and reproducibility are key elements for a diagnostic method to be useful, hence the importance of the terminology used to describe dermoscopic criteria.

Objective: To evaluate the reproducibility of the English descriptive terminology proposed for dermoscopic criteria at the 3rd Consensus Meeting of the International Dermoscopy Society in Brazilian Portuguese.

Macular phototoxicity after corneal cross-linking.

Purpose: To assess potential vascular, structural, and functional changes to the macula in patients with keratoconus that underwent ultraviolet A (UVA)-riboflavin-mediated corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) therapy.

Patients And Methods: Seventeen eyes from 17 patients of age 16 years or older with keratoconus undergoing CXL treatment were studied. The same eye served as its own control (before CXL vs after CXL).

The Elderly Respond to Antimony Therapy for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Similarly to Young Patients but Have Severe Adverse Reactions.

There is evidence that elderly patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) have more mucosal and disseminated diseases than young patients and their cells produce less antigen-induced interferon (IFN)-γ. Herein, we compared the roles of interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-15 as modulators of antigen-induced immune responses and the incidence of adverse reaction and response to therapy in young versus elderly patients with CL. Study participants included 35 senior (60-85 years) and 35 young (18-40 years) patients who had a diagnosis of CL documented by typical cutaneous lesions containing DNA.