Noninvasive brain stimulation to modulate neuroplasticity in traumatic brain injury.

Objective: To review the use of noninvasive brain stimulation (NBS) as a therapeutic tool to enhance neuroplasticity following traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Materials And Methods: Based on a literature search, we describe the pathophysiological events following TBI and the rationale for the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in this setting.

Results: The pathophysiological mechanisms occurring after TBI vary across time and therefore require differential interventions.