Novel Brassinosteroid Analogues with 3,6 Dioxo Function, 24-Nor-22()-Hydroxy Side Chain and -Substituted Benzoate Function at C-23-Synthesis and Evaluation of Plant Growth Effects.

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are an important group of polyhydroxylated naturally occurring steroidal phytohormones found in the plant kingdom in extremely low amounts. Due to the low concentrations in which these compounds are found, much effort has been dedicated to synthesizing these compounds or their structural analogs using natural and abundant sterols. In this work, we report the synthesis of new brassinosteroid analogs obtained from hyodeoxycholic acid, with a 3,6 dioxo function, 24-Nor-22()-hydroxy side chain and -substituted benzoate function at C-23.

Antimicrobial Activity of Drimanic Sesquiterpene Compounds from against Multiresistant Microorganisms.

In this work, a group of ten sesquiterpene drimanes, including polygodial (), isopolygodial (), and drimenol () obtained from the bark of F. and seven synthetic derivatives, were tested in vitro against a unique panel of bacteria, fungi, and oomycetes with standardized procedures against bacterial strains , , , and The minimum inhibitory concentrations and bactericidal activities were evaluated using standardized protocols. Polygodial () was the most active compound, with MBC 8 μg/mL and MIC 16 μg/mL in ; MBC 16 μg/mL and MIC 32 μg/mL in ; MBC 64 μg/mL and MIC 64 μg/mL in ; and MBC 8 μg/mL and MIC 16 μg/mL and MBC 32 μg/mL and MIC 64 μg/mL in , respectively.

Effect of Cannabis sativa L. extracts, phytocannabinoids and their acetylated derivates on the SHSY-5Y neuroblastoma cells' viability and caspases 3/7 activation.

Background: There is a need for novel treatments for neuroblastoma, despite the emergence of new biological and immune treatments, since refractory pediatric neuroblastoma is still a medical challenge. Phyto cannabinoids and their hemisynthetic derivatives have shown evidence supporting their anticancer potential. The aim of this research was to examine Phytocannabinoids or hemisynthetic cannabinoids, which reduce the SHSY-5Y, neuroblastoma cell line's viability.

New Brassinosteroid Analogs with 23,24-Dinorcholan Side Chain, and Benzoate Function at C-22: Synthesis, Assessment of Bioactivity on Plant Growth, and Molecular Docking Study.

The synthesis and biological evaluation of brassinosteroids (BRs) analogs with chemical modification in the side alkyl chain is a matter of current interest. Recently, a series of BR analogs with phenyl or benzoate groups in the alkyl chain have been reported. The effect of substitution in the aromatic ring on the biological activities of these new analogs has been evaluated, and the results suggest that the bioactivity is enhanced by substitution with an F atom.

Cytotoxic Activity, Topoisomerase I Inhibition and In Silico Studies of New Sesquiterpene-aryl Ester Derivatives of (-) Drimenol.

In this study, we aimed to evaluate two sets of sesquiterpene-aryl derivatives linked by an ester bond, their cytotoxic activities, and their capacity to activate caspases 3/7 and inhibit human topoisomerase I (TOP1). A total of 13 compounds were synthesized from the natural sesquiterpene (-)-drimenol and their cytotoxic activity was evaluated in vitro against three cancer cell lines: PC-3 (prostate cancer), HT-29 (colon cancer), MCF-7 (breast cancer), and an immortalized non-tumoral cell line (MCF-10). From the results, it was observed that was the most promising compound due to its cytotoxic effect on three cancer cell lines and its selectivity, was 100-fold more selective than 5-FU in MCF-7 and 20-fold in PC-3.

Cytotoxic Effects on Breast Cancer Cell Lines of Chalcones Derived from a Natural Precursor and Their Molecular Docking Analysis.

This study aimed to determine the in vitro cytotoxicity and understand possible cytotoxic mechanisms via an in silico study of eleven chalcones synthesized from two acetophenones. Five were synthesized from a prenylacetophenone isolated from a plant that grows in the Andean region of the Atacama Desert. The cytotoxic activity of all the synthesized chalcones was tested against breast cancer cell lines using an MTT cell proliferation assay.

New Amino Naphthoquinone Derivatives as Anti- Agents Targeting Trypanothione Reductase.

To develop novel chemotherapeutic alternatives for the treatment of Chagas disease, in this study, a set of new amino naphthoquinone derivatives were synthesised and evaluated in vitro on the epimastigote and trypomastigote forms of strains (NINOA and INC-5) and on J774 murine macrophages. The design of the new naphthoquinone derivatives considered the incorporation of nitrogenous fragments with different substitution patterns present in compounds with activity on and, thus, 19 compounds were synthesised in a simple manner. Compounds and showed the lowest IC values (0.

QSAR-driven synthesis of antiproliferative chalcones against SH-SY5Y cancer cells: Design, biological evaluation, and redesign.

Neuroblastoma is one of the most frequent types of cancer found in infants, and traditional chemotherapy has limited efficacy against this pathology. Thus, the development of new compounds with higher activity and selectivity than traditional drugs is a current challenge in medicinal chemistry research. In this study, we report the synthesis of 21 chalcones with antiproliferative activity and selectivity against the neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y.

Chemical Analysis and Bioactivity of Essential Oil of and Safrole Derivatives against Oomycete Fish Pathogens.

In this study, the essential oil (EO) from was analyzed by GC/MS and safrole () was identified as the major metabolite , was subjected to direct reactions on the oxygenated groups in the aromatic ring and in the side chain, and eight compounds ( to ) were obtained by the process. EO and compounds - were subjected to biological assays on 24 strains of the genus , specifically of the species 12   and 12  . EO showed a significant effect against strains.

Synthesis of New Brassinosteroid 24-Norcholane Type Analogs Conjugated in C-3 with Benzoate Groups.

The metabolism of brassinosteroid leads to structural modifications in the ring skeleton or the side alkyl chain. The esterification and glycosylation at C-3 are the most common metabolic pathways, and it has been suggested that conjugate brassinosteroids are less active or inactive. In this way, plants regulate the content of active brassinosteroids.

Combined 3D-QSAR and docking analysis for the design and synthesis of chalcones as potent and selective monoamine oxidase B inhibitors.

Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) are important targets in medicinal chemistry, as their inhibition may change the levels of different neurotransmitters in the brain, and also the production of oxidative stress species. New chemical entities able to interact selectively with one of the MAO isoforms are being extensively studied, and chalcones proved to be promising molecules. In the current work, we focused our attention on the understanding of theoretical models that may predict the MAO-B activity and selectivity of new chalcones.

Design, synthesis, antifungal activity, and structure-activity relationship studies of chalcones and hybrid dihydrochromane-chalcones.

A series of ten chalcones (7a-j) and five new dihydrochromane-chalcone hybrids (7k-o) were synthesized and identified using spectroscopic techniques (IR, NMR, and MS). All compounds were evaluated in vitro against the B. cinerea and M.

Antigrowth activity and induction of apoptosis in human melanoma cells by Drymis winteri forst extract and its active components.

Melanoma is a highly invasive cancer that resists most conventional treatments. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify alternative anticancer agents able to affect new molecular targets. Drimys winteri (Winteraceae) is a medicinal plant, employed in Brazil and many countries, in folk medicine against a variety of ailments, especially for the treatment of fevers, ulcers, pains, affections of respiratory tract and cancers.

Biopesticide Activity from Drimanic Compounds to Control Tomato Pathogens.

Tomato crops can be affected by several infectious diseases produced by bacteria, fungi, and oomycetes. Four phytopathogens are of special concern because of the major economic losses they generate worldwide in tomato production; subsp. and pv.

(-)-Shikimic Acid as a Chiral Building Block for the Synthesis of New Cytotoxic 6-Aza-Analogues of Angucyclinones.

We describe the syntheses of nine new angucyclinone 6-aza-analogues, achieved through a hetero Diels-Alder reaction between the shikimic acid derivative-azadiene , with different naphthoquinones. The cytotoxic activity of the new synthesized compounds and five angucyclinones, previously reported, was evaluated in vitro against three cancer cell lines: PC-3 (prostate cancer), HT-29 (colon cancer), MCF-7 (breast cancer), and one non-tumoral cell line, human colon epithelial cells (CCD841 CoN). Our results showed that most 6-azadiene derivatives exhibited significant cytotoxic activities, which was demonstrated by their IC values (less than 10 μM), especially for the most sensitive cells, PC-3 and HT-29.

Antifeedant effect of polygodial and drimenol derivatives against Spodoptera frugiperda and Epilachna paenulata and quantitative structure-activity analysis.

Background: The antifeedant activity of 18 sesquiterpenoids of the drimane family (polygodial, drimenol and derivatives) was investigated.

Results: Polygodial, drimanic and nordrimanic derivatives were found to exert antifeedant effects against two insect species, Spodoptera frugiperda and Epilachna paenulata, which are pests of agronomic interest, indicating that they have potential as biopesticide agents. Among the 18 compounds tested, the epoxynordrimane compound (11) and isonordrimenone (4) showed the highest activity [50% effective concentration (EC ) = 23.

2D-QSAR and 3D-QSAR/CoMSIA Studies on a Series of (R)-2-((2-(1H-Indol-2-yl)ethyl)amino)-1-Phenylethan-1-ol with Human β₃-Adrenergic Activity.

The β₃ adrenergic receptor is raising as an important drug target for the treatment of pathologies such as diabetes, obesity, depression, and cardiac diseases among others. Several attempts to obtain selective and high affinity ligands have been made. Currently, Mirabegron is the only available drug on the market that targets this receptor approved for the treatment of overactive bladder.

Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Oxyalkylated Derivatives of 2',4'-Dihydroxychalcone as Anti-Oomycete Agents against Bronopol Resistant Strains of Saprolegnia sp.

A series of novel oxyalkylchalcones substituted with alkyl groups were designed and synthesized, and the antioomycete activity of the series was evaluated in vitro against Saprolegnia strains. All tested O-alkylchalcones were synthesized by means of nucleophilic substitution from the natural compound 2',4'-dihydroxychalcone (1) and the respective alkyl bromide. The natural chalcone (1) and 10 synthetic oxyalkylchalcones (2-11) were tested against Saprolegnia parasitica and Saprolegnia australis.

Antiproliferative effect and apoptotic activity of linear geranylphenol derivatives from phloroglucinol and orcinol.

Sixteen synthetic linear derivatives geranylphenols, were obtained from phloroglucinol and orcinol, and cytotoxic activity was evaluated in vitro against cancer cell lines (HT-29, PC-3, MDA-MB231, DU-145) and one non-tumor cell line, human dermal fibroblast (HDF). IC50 values were determined at concentrations of 0-100 μM of each compound for 72 h. Compounds 12, 13, 17, 21, 22 and 25, showed cytotoxic activity.

Chemical Characterization and Anti-Oomycete Activity of Laureliopsis philippianna Essential Oils against Saprolegnia parasitica and S. australis.

Laureliopsis philippiana (Looser) R. Schodde (Monimiaceae) is a native tree widespread in the forest areas in the south of Chile and Argentina, known for its medicinal properties and excellent wood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition of L.

Study on the cytotoxic activity of drimane sesquiterpenes and nordrimane compounds against cancer cell lines.

Twelve drimanes, including polygodial (1), isopolygodial (2), drimenol (3), confertifolin (4), and isodrimenin (5), were obtained from natural sources. Semi-synthetic derivatives 6-12 were obtained from 1 and 2, and cytotoxic activity was evaluated in vitro against cancer cell lines (HT-29, MDA-MB231, DHF, MCF-7, PC-3, DU-145, and CoN). IC50 values were determined at concentrations of 12.

2-Phenylaminonaphthoquinones and related compounds: synthesis, trypanocidal and cytotoxic activities.

A series of new 2-aminonaphthoquinones and related compounds were synthesized and evaluated in vitro as trypanocidal and cytotoxic agents. Some tested compounds inhibited epimastigote growth and trypomastigote viability. Several compounds showed similar or higher activity and selectivity as compared with current trypanocidal drug, nifurtimox.

The selective cytotoxicity elicited by phytochemical extract from Senecio graveolens (Asteraceae) on breast cancer cells is enhanced by hypoxia.

Breast cancer is the second cause of cancer‑related deaths in woman and the incidence of the disease has increased worldwide, in part due to improvements in early detection. Several drugs with anticancer effects have been extracted from plants in the last 20 years, many of which are particularly effective against breast cancer cells. In particular, we have become interested in the ethanolic extract from Senecio graveolens (synonym of S.

Diterpenylhydroquinones from natural ent-labdanes induce apoptosis through decreased mitochondrial membrane potential.

In this study, we examined the cytotoxic effects of seven ent-labdane derivatives 1-7 (0-100 μM) in different human cancer cell lines. Our results showed that compounds 1-3 exhibited significant dose-dependent inhibition on the growth of the three different human cell lines, according to the sulphorhodamine B assay and produced morphological changes consistent with apoptosis, as confirmed by Hoestch 3342 staining analysis. They induced apoptosis in various cancer cell lines, as shown by nuclear condensation and fragmentation and caspase 3 activation.

Comparative study on the larvicidal activity of drimane sesquiterpenes and nordrimane compounds against Drosophila melanogaster til-til.

Natural compounds from Drimys winteri Forst and derivatives exhibited larvicidal effects against Drosophila melanogaster til-til. The most active compound was isodrimenin (4). The highest lethal concentration to the larvae of D.