ADIPOQ-rs2241766 polymorphism is associated with changes in cholesterol levels of Mexican adolescents.

Background: The ADIPOQ gene encodes a fat-derived protein hormone with a preponderant role in the homeostasis of glucose and fatty acids. However, previous association studies between ADIPOQ genetic variants and metabolic disorders have shown controversial results. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the ADIPOQ-rs2241766 polymorphism on diverse biochemical parameters (i.

Molecular mechanisms of multidrug resistance in clinically relevant enteropathogenic bacteria (Review).

Multidrug resistant (MDR) enteropathogenic bacteria are a growing problem within the clinical environment due to their acquired tolerance to a wide range of antibiotics, thus causing severe illnesses and a tremendous economic impact in the healthcare sector. Due to its difficult treatment, knowledge and understanding of the molecular mechanisms that confer this resistance are needed. The aim of the present review is to describe the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance from a genomic perspective observed in bacteria, including naturally acquired resistance.

Association between the CTLA4 +49A/G (rs231775) and CT60 (rs3087243) gene variants with vitiligo: study on a Mexican population.

Background: Vitiligo is characterized by an autoimmune response targeting melanocytes, thus resulting in skin depigmentation. There are several genetic components involved in the development of vitiligo, of which various gene polymorphisms are currently considered as risk factors. For example, the CTLA4 (T-lymphocyte antigen 4) +49A/G (rs231775) and CT60 (rs3087243) gene variants have been associated with a predisposition for autoimmune diseases in different populations; however, their involvement in the development of vitiligo remains controversial.

Association of rs4711998 of IL-17A, rs2275913 of IL-17A and rs763780 IL-17F gene polymorphisms with non-segmental vitiligo in a Mexican population.

Vitiligo is the most common depigmenting disease characterized by achromic macules due to selective loss of melanocytes. The pathogenesis remains poorly elucidated, and multiple hypotheses exist regarding its pathogenesis. Evidence suggests that stress on melanocytes can result in activation of the immune system, and involvement of both activated cluster of differentiation (CD8+) cytotoxic and CD4+ T cells in the dysfunction, depigmentation, and apoptosis of melanocytes.

Updates and new medical treatments for vitiligo (Review).

Vitiligo is a multifactorial disease characterized by the loss of skin pigment, which results in achromic macules and patches. There are currently several medical treatments available, which aim to arrest progression and induce skin repigmentation. These treatments alone or combined have exhibited varying degrees of pigmentation, and the majority are safe and effective.

Depressive Symptoms are Associated with low Serotonin Levels in Plasma but are not 5-HTTLPR Genotype Dependent in Older Adults.

Depressive symptoms are diagnosed by physicians using scales but their pathophysiology is unclear. Low serotonin (5-HT) levels play an important role in depression, and the 5-HT transporter (5-HTT) is an important regulator of plasma serotonin levels and reuptake. Additionally, the 5-HTT gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) is associated with depression.

Novel immunological and genetic factors associated with vitiligo: A review.

Vitiligo is a skin disorder characterized by depigmentation of the skin due to a lack of melanin. This condition affects men and woman of all ages and its incidence is not restricted by ethnicity or region. Vitiligo is a multifactorial disease, in which melanocytes, which serve important functions in skin pigmentation and immune processes, are impaired.

CTLA4 +49AG (rs231775) and CT60 (rs3087243) gene variants are not associated with alopecia areata in a Mexican population from Monterrey Mexico.

Background: Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease that produces non-scarring hair loss around the body. Gene variants of the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) gene, a negative regulator of T-cell response, have been associated with a predisposition to autoimmune diseases in different populations; however, the involvement of these genetic variants in the development of AA is controversial.

Objective: The present study evaluated the potential association of two CTLA4 gene variants with alopecia areata in a Mexican population.

Uridine 5'-diphospho-glucronosyltrasferase: Its role in pharmacogenomics and human disease.

Biotransformation is an enzyme-catalyzed process in which the body converts endogenous compounds, xenobiotics and toxic substances into harmless or easily excreted metabolites. The biotransformation reactions are classified as phase I and II reactions. Uridine 5'-diphospho (UDP)-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are a superfamily of phase II enzymes which have roles in the conjugation of xenobiotics or endogenous compounds, including drugs and bilirubin, with glucuronic acid to make them easier to excrete.

The +1858 C/T Polymorphism in the PTPN22 Gene Is Associated with Cystic Fibrosis Patients in Northeast Mexico.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common autosomal recessive disease in the Caucasian population, but it has also been widely diagnosed in the Mexican population. Production of viscous secretions affects the secretory epithelia and the respiratory condition usually leads to death. The relationship between the CFTR genotype and the disease phenotype is not well understood.

Assessment of biochemical parameters and characterization of α -308G/A and +1858C/T gene polymorphisms in the risk of obesity in adolescents.

Obesity is currently considered an inflammatory condition associated with autoimmune diseases, suggesting a common origin. Among other factors, candidate genes may explain the development of this disease. Polymorphisms in the tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and lymphoid protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPN22) genes lead to an increased risk to development of immune and inflammatory diseases.

High prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and lack of association with integrin α2 gene polymorphisms in patients with type 2 diabetes from Northeastern Mexico.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the primary causes of blindness in the working age population and is characterized by angiogenesis in the retina. Platelets have been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic microvascular complications. The integrin receptor for collagen/laminin, α2β1, mediates platelet primary adhesion to subendothelial tissues, which is an essential first step in thrombus formation.

HPV-16 E6 and E7 oncogene expression is downregulated as a result of Mdm2 knockdown.

The carcinogenic potential of HPV infections is based on the integration and constitutive expression of the E6 and E7 genes which inhibit the p53 and Rb tumor suppressor proteins. In normal cells, Mdm2 regulates p53 in a negative feedback loop, and although Mdm2 is apparently functional in HPV-infected cells, E6 is the protein responsible for repressing p53 replacing Mdm2 function. The role of Mdm2 in HPV-positive cells is still elusive.