Mutagenicity assessment of acrylate and methacrylate compounds and implications for regulatory toxicology requirements.

Esters of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, more commonly known as acrylates and methacrylates, respectively, are key raw materials in the coatings and printing industry, with several of its chemical class used in food packaging. The results of over 200 short-term in vitro and in vivo mutagenicity studies available in the open literature have been evaluated. Despite differences in acrylate or methacrylate functionality or in the number of functional groups, a consistent pattern of test response was seen in a typical regulatory battery of mutagenicity tests.

The enzymatic activities of the Werner syndrome protein are disabled by the amino acid polymorphism R834C.

The Werner syndrome protein, WRN, is a member of the RecQ family of DNA helicases. It possesses both 3'-->5' DNA helicase and 3'-->5' DNA exonuclease activities. Mutations in WRN are causally associated with a rare, recessive disorder, Werner syndrome (WS), distinguished by premature aging and genomic instability; all are reported to result in loss of protein expression.