Molecular weight of different angiotensin II polymers directly determines: density of endothelial membrane AT1 receptors and coronary vasoconstriction.

We have shown that angiotensin II (Ang II) does not diffuse across the vessel wall, remaining intravascularly confined and acting solely on the coronary endothelial luminal membrane (CELM) receptors. A sustained intracoronary infusion of Ang II causes transient coronary vasoconstriction (desensitization) due to membrane internalization of CELM Ang II type 1 receptors (CELM-AT1R). In contrast, sustained intracoronary infusion of a non-diffusible polymer of Ang II (Ang II-Pol, 15,000 kDa) causes a sustained vasoconstriction by preventing CELM-AT1R internalization.

Teaching physiology online: successful use of case studies in a graduate course.

To address the need for greater flexibility in access to higher education, an online graduate course in physiology using case studies was developed and offered in summer 2012. Topics in both animal and human physiology were organized as modules that contained a case study with questions, a prerecorded online lecture, and three research journal articles. We followed best practices for teaching and learning in distance education, including the preparation of materials before the course starting date, a discussion board for responding to pre- and postcase discussion questions, and prompt reply to student queries.

Role of adherens junction proteins in differential herpes simplex virus type 2 infectivity in communication-competent and -deficient cell lines.

Background: Gap junctional intercellular communication decreases with HSV-2 infection. To determine the importance of functional gap junctions for infectivity, we compared HSV-2 growth in communication-competent and -deficient cell lines.

Methods: HSV-2 infectivity was tested in five cell lines: WB rat liver epithelial cells (communication-competent), WB-aB1 (communication-deficient), WB-a/32-10 (communication-rescued), HeLa (communication-deficient), and Cx43-transfected HeLa (communication-rescued) cells.

Herpes simplex virus-type 2 infectivity and agents that block gap junctional intercellular communication.

In rat liver epithelial (WB) cells, the protein kinase C inhibitor H7 blocked gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) and reduced virus infectivity. Octanol, 18-beta-glycyrrhetinic acid, and staurosporine, agents that reduce GJIC, had no effect upon virus infectivity. Previous studies demonstrated that herpes simplex virus-type 2 (HSV-2) infection was accompanied by attenuated GJIC.