Unmet needs in the acute treatment of migraine attacks and the emerging role of calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonists: An integrative review.

Background: Migraine is a prevalent and chronic disease associated with high rates of disability and significant financial and socioeconomic burden. Current acute treatments for migraine attacks include both migraine-specific (e.g.

Sex and Gender Differences in Migraine-Evaluating Knowledge Gaps.

Migraine is a common chronic neurological disease that disproportionately affects women. Migraine has significant negative effects on physical, emotional, and social aspects of health, and can be costly for patients, employers, and society as a whole. Growing evidence supports the roles of sex and gender in migraine risk, pathophysiology, presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and management.

Diagnosis and treatment for chronic migraine.

Migraine is a debilitating headache disorder that is underdiagnosed and undertreated worldwide, partially attributable to misdiagnosis and expectations of poor treatment outcomes. This article provides a review of chronic migraine, including pathophysiology, burden, diagnosis, and management, with special emphasis on the role of NPs.

A practice guide for continuous opioid therapy for refractory daily headache: patient selection, physician requirements, and treatment monitoring.

Objectives: To provide a guide to the use and limitations of continuous opioid therapy (COT, or daily scheduled opioids) for refractory daily headache, based on the best available evidence and expert clinical experience.

Background: There has been a dramatic increase in opioid administration over the past 25 years, with limited evidence of efficacy for either pain reduction or increased function, and increasing evidence of adverse effects, including headache chronification. To date, there has been no consensus on headache-specific guidelines for selecting patients for COT, physician requirements, and treatment monitoring.

Anatomical variations of the occipital nerves: implications for the treatment of chronic headaches.

Background: The anatomy of the greater and lesser occipital nerves has come under increased scrutiny with the increased appreciation of their role in the causation of chronic occipital headaches. Classic anatomical descriptions of their paths have differed from some recent published reports.

Methods: Measurements of the courses of the greater and lesser occipital nerves were conducted bilaterally in 125 individuals, consisting of 112 live intraoperative measurements and 13 cadaver specimens.