Clinician care priorities and practices in the fourth trimester: perspective from a California survey.

Background: Professional societies such as the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) promote the idea that postpartum care is an ongoing process where there is adequate opportunity to provide services and support. Nonetheless, in practice, the guidelines ask clinicians to perform more clinical responsibilities than they might be able to do with limited time and resources.

Methods: We conducted an online survey among practicing obstetric clinicians (obstetrician/gynecologists (OB/GYNs), midwives, and family medicine doctors) in California about their priorities and care practices for the first postpartum visit and explored how they prioritize multiple clinical responsibilities within existing time and resources.

The relative impact of labor induction versus improved labor management: Before and after the ARRIVE (a randomized trial of induction vs. expectant management) trial.

Objective: To evaluate the association of labor induction on cesarean delivery and other maternal and neonatal outcomes in low-risk, full-term patients in community hospitals during a period of concerted effort to safely prevent cesarean delivery.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study using the California Maternal Data Center comprised linked discharge diagnoses and birth certificate data for all low-risk, nulliparous, term, singleton, vertex (NTSV) individuals between 39 and 41 weeks from three Sacramento Valley community hospitals from 2016 to 2022 (N = 10,821) during a period of state-wide efforts to safely reduce cesarean rates. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) after labor induction in two time periods before and after the ARRIVE trial.

Domestic dogs maintain clinical, nutritional, and hematological health outcomes when fed a commercial plant-based diet for a year.

Domestic dogs can maintain health on complete and well-balanced canine plant-based nutrition (K9PBN). Novel insight on health outcomes in dogs consuming K9PBN is of relevance to veterinary professionals and consumers given a growing interest in non-traditional dog foods with perceived health benefits, while considering potential safety concerns. We aimed to investigate nutritional equivalence by measuring clinical health outcomes in adult dogs fed K9PBN over twelve months compared to a meat-based diet at baseline.

Disparities in Newborn Hearing Screening Outcomes in the United States From 2007 to 2017.

Objective: Establishing timely language intervention for children who are deaf or hard of hearing is crucial for their cognitive and language development. Newborn hearing screening (NBHS) programs are now commonplace, but disparities in receipt of support may exist. This study seeks to investigate if states with more diverse populations, less educated mothers, fewer resources, and no legislative mandate of screening have lower rates of milestone completion.

Feasibility of a Bi-national Consulate-based Teleophthalmology Screening and Referral Protocol for Diabetic Retinopathy among Mexican Migrants in the United States.

Aims: To evaluate a bi-national consulate-based teleophthalmology screening service for diabetic retinopathy (DR) among Mexican migrants in the U.S.

Methods: Adult visitors (n=508) at Mexican consulates in California with self-reported diabetes underwent questionnaires and fundus photography.

Client, provider, and visit factors associated with quality in contraceptive counseling in Mexico: an exploratory cross-sectional analysis.

Background: Monitoring clients' experiences with contraceptive care is vital to inform quality improvement efforts and ensure fulfillment of individuals' human rights. The Quality of Contraceptive Counseling (QCC) Scale is a previously validated scale that comprehensively measures individuals' experiences receiving counseling in three subscales: Information Exchange, Interpersonal Relationship, and Disrespect and Abuse. We sought to better understand the correlation of client, provider, and visit factors with client-reported quality of contraceptive counseling in the public sector in two Mexican states using the QCC Scale.

Development of a psychological empowerment measure for youth in rural Guatemala.

Psychological empowerment (PE) is conceptualized as a context-dependent construct, yet few have studied its applicability to youth in international settings. The current study used a participatory approach to design a measure of empowerment for youth from a rural, Indigenous community in Guatemala and aimed to compare this new measure to extant measures. Youth co-researchers (aged 19-22) collaborated in the development of four culturally relevant empowerment scales through a formative process involving classroom observations and focus groups.

Early childhood factors associated with obesity at age 8 in Vietnamese children: The Young Lives Cohort Study.

Background: Over recent decades, Vietnam has experienced rapid economic growth, a nutrition transition from the traditional diet to highly-processed and calorie-dense foods and beverages, and an increasing prevalence of childhood overweight/obesity (ow/ob). The goal of this study is to describe the patterns of ow/ob in a longitudinal sample of Vietnamese children from ages 1 to 8, and the sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with ow/ob at age 8.

Methods: This study is a secondary data analysis of a geographically-representative, longitudinal cohort of 1961 Vietnamese children from the Young Lives Cohort Study from 2002 to 2009.

Intergenerational Associations Between Parental Incarceration and Children's Sexual Risk Taking in Young Adulthood.

Purpose: Research on parental incarceration and the health of offspring is relatively scarce despite studies linking childhood adverse experiences to a range of physical and mental health conditions. This study aimed to estimate the associations between parental incarceration and sexual risk outcomes (early sexual onset, inconsistent condom use, and sexually transmitted infections [STIs]) in young adulthood.

Methods: We used logistic regression to estimate associations of sexual risk taking behaviors with parental incarceration during childhood in a sample of 3,972 participants in The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) between 2001 and 2009.

Hispanic Immigrant Father Involvement with Young Children in the United States: A Comparison with US-Born Hispanic and White non-Hispanic Fathers.

Objectives Fathering is known to foster child development and health, yet evidence on Hispanic immigrant fathers' involvement with their young children is sparse. This study assessed disparities in pregnancy intendedness and father involvement with children ages 0-4 among Hispanic immigrant co-resident fathers versus two reference groups: US-born Hispanic and US-born White fathers. We hypothesized that differentials in involvement were associated with socioeconomic and cultural factors.

Violent Injury and Neighborhood Racial/Ethnic Diversity in Oakland, California.

Racial and ethnic segregation has been linked to a number of deleterious health outcomes, including violence. Previous studies of segregation and violence have focused on segregation between African Americans and Whites, used homicide as a measure of violence, and employed segregation measures that fail to take into account neighborhood level processes. We examined the relationship between neighborhood diversity and violent injury in Oakland, California.

Community-Level HIV Stigma as a Driver for HIV Transmission Risk Behaviors and Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Sierra Leone: A Population-Based Study.

Introduction: Although HIV stigma has been identified as an important risk factor for HIV transmission risk behaviors, little is known about the contribution of community-level HIV stigma to HIV transmission risk behaviors and self-reported sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) or how gender may modify associations.

Methods: We pooled data from the 2008 and 2013 Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Surveys. For HIV stigma, we examined HIV stigmatizing attitudes and HIV disclosure concerns at both individual and community levels.

Respiratory Problems Associated with Surfing in Coastal Waters.

A pilot project was conducted to examine the health status and possible adverse health effects associated with seawater exposure (microbial water-quality indicators and phytoplankton abundance and their toxins) of surfers in Monterey Bay, Central California coastal waters. Forty-eight surfers enrolled in the study and completed an initial health background survey and weekly health surveys online using Survey Monkey. Descriptive statistics and generalized estimating equation, a regression technique, were used to identify longitudinal and correlated results.

Factors associated with oncology patients' involvement in shared decision making during chemotherapy.

Objective: Oncology patients are increasingly encouraged to play an active role in treatment decision making. While previous studies have evaluated relationships between demographic characteristics and decision-making roles, less is known about the association of symptoms and psychological adjustment characteristics (eg, coping styles and personality traits) and decision-making roles.

Methods: As part of a larger study of symptom clusters, patients (n = 765) receiving chemotherapy for breast, gastrointestinal, gynecological, or lung cancer provided information on demographic, clinical, symptom, and psychological adjustment characteristics.

Household Food Insecurity Is Not Associated with Overall Diet Quality Among Pregnant Women in NHANES 1999-2008.

Objective: Analyze the association between household food security status and diet quality during pregnancy.

Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of pregnant women from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2008. Of the 1158 pregnant women with complete household food security information, we analyzed 688 women who had complete dietary information and household incomes ≤300 % of the Federal Poverty Level (FPL).

Adolescent Pregnancies in the United States: How Obstetric and Sociodemographic Factors Influence Risk of Cesarean Delivery.

 To determine how an adolescent's risk of cesarean varies by maternal age and race/ethnicity, and evaluate the contribution of obstetric and sociodemographic factors to mode of delivery.  This is a retrospective cohort study of 604,287 births to women aged 13 to 23 years. Regression techniques were used to determine maternal ages at lowest risk of primary cesarean in each major racial/ethnic group before and after adjustment for various cesarean risk factors.

Female Sterilization and Poor Mental Health: Rates and Relatedness among American Indian and Alaska Native Women.

Objective: To describe the reproductive and mental health of American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) women, an understudied population.

Methods: Data from the 2004 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey were analyzed to determine the 1) prevalence of female sterilization among a nationally representative sample of reproductive age AI/AN women and 2) the association of female sterilization and poor mental health among AI/AN women compared with non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic women.

Results: Nearly 25% of AI/AN women reported female sterilization, a prevalence higher than the comparison racial/ethnic groups (p < .

Mexico's Seguro Popular Appears To Have Helped Reduce The Risk Of Preterm Delivery Among Women With Low Education.

Beginning in 2001 Mexico established Seguro Popular, a health insurance scheme aimed at providing coverage to its large population of uninsured people. While recent studies have evaluated the health benefits of Seguro Popular, evidence on perinatal health outcomes is lacking. We conducted a population-based study using Mexican birth certificate data for 2010 to assess the relationship between enrollment in Seguro Popular and preterm delivery among first-time mothers with singleton births in Mexico.

Prevalence and Correlates of HIV Infection among Street Boys in Kisumu, Kenya.

Introduction: Despite their perceived vulnerability to HIV, East African street youth have been neglected in HIV prevention research. We examined HIV seroprevalence and correlates of HIV infection in a sample of male street youth in Kisumu, Kenya.

Methods: We enrolled a street-recruited sample of 13-21 year old street youth.

Impact of a private sector living wage intervention on depressive symptoms among apparel workers in the Dominican Republic: a quasi-experimental study.

Objectives: Poverty reduction interventions through cash transfers and microcredit have had mixed effects on mental health. In this quasi-experimental study, we evaluate the effect of a living wage intervention on depressive symptoms of apparel factory workers in the Dominican Republic.

Setting: Two apparel factories in the Dominican Republic.

High school students' experiences of bullying and victimization and the association with school health center use.

Background: Bullying and victimization are ongoing concerns in schools. School health centers (SHCs) are well situated to support affected students because they provide crisis intervention, mental health care, and broader interventions to improve school climate. This study examined the association between urban adolescents' experiences of school-based bullying and victimization and their use of SHCs.

Bringing patients' social context into the examination room: an investigation of the discussion of social influence during contraceptive counseling.

Background: Although social networks are an increasingly recognized influence on contraceptive use, little is known about if and how social influences are discussed during women's contraceptive counseling visits.

Methods: We performed a mixed-methods analysis of audio recordings of contraceptive counseling visits. We examined predictors of discussion of social influence arising in a contraceptive counseling visit and analyzed the content and process of social influence discussions.

The association between a living wage and subjective social status and self-rated health: a quasi-experimental study in the Dominican Republic.

Poverty, both absolute and relative, is associated with poorer health. This is of particular concern in middle- and low-income countries facing a significant and growing burden of disease. There has been limited research specifically on whether interventions that increase income may foster better health outcomes.

Acculturation, inner peace, cancer self-efficacy, and self-rated health among Latina breast cancer survivors.

Cancer self-efficacy (CSE) and spiritual well-being (SWB) have been associated with better self-rated health (SRH) among breast cancer survivors (BCS), but have not been well studied among Latina BCS (LBCS). Multivariate logistic regression analyses of secondary data from a cross-sectional population-based telephone survey of 330 LBCS explored relationships of language acculturation, CSE, and SWB subdomains of inner peace and faith with SRH. English proficiency was associated with SRH, independent of other covariates (OR=2.

Delays in time to surgery for minorities with temporal lobe epilepsy.

Objectives: To determine whether adult minority patients with medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) experience significantly longer times to anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) following presurgical evaluation.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 223 adult patients with epilepsy (PWE) and unilateral mesial temporal sclerosis who completed presurgical evaluation in the epilepsy monitoring unit at University of California, San Francisco, between January 1, 1993 and December 31, 2010, with follow-up through December 31, 2012. Log-rank test was performed for Kaplan-Meier survival curves of time to ATL stratified by race/ethnicity and by limited English proficiency (LEP).