Does caesarean section have an impact on exclusive breastfeeding? Evidence from four Southeast Asian countries.

Background: The effect of caesarean section (CS) on breastfeeding initiation has been extensively studied, but its influence on exclusive breastfeeding practices remains inconclusive. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the impact of CS on exclusive breastfeeding using evidence from four countries in the Southeast Asian region.

Methods: This cross-sectional study used secondary data obtained from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted between 2016 and 2022 in four countries within the Southeast Asian Region.

Socioeconomic inequalities in skilled attendance at birth and caesarean section rates in Myanmar 2015-2016: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: This study aims to assess inequalities in skilled birth attendance and utilisation of caesarean section (CS) in Myanmar.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study design.

Setting And Population: We used secondary data from the Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey (2015-2016).

Test-retest repeatability for Fatigue Assessment Scale, Short-Form 6-Dimension and King's Sarcoidosis Questionnaire in people with sarcoidosis associated fatigue.

Background And Aim: Patient related outcomes are important in sarcoidosis but the medium-term repeatability of the key patient reported outcome measure is not known. We aimed to test the repeatability of the Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS), Short Form 6-Dimension (SF-6D), and King's Sarcoidosis Questionnaire (KSQ) in free living people with sarcoidosis associated fatigue.

Methods: Twelve people with sarcoidosis associated fatigue completed the FAS, short form 36 questionnaire (SF-36) and the KSQ at baseline and 12 weeks.

Mistreatment of women during childbirth and postpartum depression: secondary analysis of WHO community survey across four countries.

Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a leading cause of disability globally with estimated prevalence of approximately 20% in low-income and middle-income countries. This study aims to determine the prevalence and factors associated with PPD following mistreatment during facility-based childbirth.

Method: This secondary analysis used data from the community survey of postpartum women in Ghana, Guinea, Myanmar and Nigeria for the WHO study, 'How women are treated during facility-based childbirth'.

Early postnatal care contact within 24 hours by skilled providers and its determinants among home deliveries in Myanmar: Further analysis of the Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey 2015-16.

Background: Access and use of early postnatal care (PNC) by skilled providers are crucial for reducing maternal and newborn deaths. However, use of PNC among the deliveries by skilled providers in some developing countries remains unsatisfactory. Furthermore, literature concerning PNC among home deliveries remains limited, particularly in resource-limited countries such as Myanmar.

Genomic landscape of the gene in its haplotype diversity and association with anaerobic germination tolerance in rice.

Early season flooding is a major constraint in direct-seeded rice, as rice genotypes vary in their coleoptile length during anoxia. (, ) has been identified as the genetic determinant for anaerobic germination (AG) and coleoptile elongation during flooding. We evaluated the coleoptile length of a diverse rice panel under normal and flooded conditions and investigated the Korean rice collection of 475 accessions to understand its genetic variation, population genetics, evolutionary relationships, and haplotypes in the gene.

Comparing observed occurrence of mistreatment during childbirth with women's self-report: a validation study in Ghana, Guinea and Nigeria.

Background: There has been substantial progress in developing approaches to measure mistreatment of women during childbirth. However, less is known about the differences in measurement approaches. In this study, we compare measures of mistreatment obtained from the same women using labour observations and community-based surveys in Ghana, Guinea and Nigeria.

Feasibility and readiness to implement Robson classification to monitor caesarean sections in public hospitals in Myanmar: Formative research.

Recent years have demonstrated an increase in caesarean section (CS) in most countries worldwide with considerable concern for the potential consequences. In 2015, WHO proposed the use of Robson classification as a global standard for assessing, monitoring and comparing CS rates. Currently, there is no standardized method to assess CS in Myanmar.

Introducing misoprostol for treatment of incomplete abortion: A feasibility and acceptability study in secondary-level health facilities in Myanmar.

Objective: To assess the feasibility and acceptability of misoprostol as a treatment option for incomplete abortion in secondary hospitals in Yangon and Mandalay, Myanmar.

Methods: An explanatory sequential mixed methods study was conducted. Women seeking treatment for an incomplete abortion with a uterine size <12 weeks were eligible to participate in the prospective cohort including sublingual administration of 400 μg misoprostol, clinical assessment 7-10 days after administration, and patient interview.

Multi-omics analysis reveals the genetic basis of rice fragrance mediated by betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 2.

Introduction: Fragrance is an important economic and quality trait in rice. The trait is controlled by the recessive gene betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (BADH2) via the production of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP).

Objectives: Variation in BADH2 was evaluated at the population, genetic, transcriptional, and metabolic levels to obtain insights into fragrance regulation in rice.

Indoor Air Pollution and the Health of Vulnerable Groups: A Systematic Review Focused on Particulate Matter (PM), Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and Their Effects on Children and People with Pre-Existing Lung Disease.

Air pollution affects health, but much of the focus to this point has been on outdoor air. Higher indoor pollution is anticipated due to increasingly energy-efficient and less leaky buildings together with more indoor activities. Studies of indoor air pollution focusing on children and people with respiratory disease from the database Web of Science (1991-2021) were systemically reviewed according to the PRISMA guidelines, with 69 studies included in the final selection.

Market surveys and social media provide confirmation of the endangered giant freshwater whipray Urogymnus polylepis in Myanmar.

The giant freshwater whipray Urogymnus polylepis is a threatened species that is vulnerable to riverine and coastal marine pressures. Despite its threatened status, the range of U. polylepis is still being determined.

Adolescent experiences of mistreatment during childbirth in health facilities: secondary analysis of a community-based survey in four countries.

Introduction: Pregnancy and childbearing among adolescents-especially younger adolescents-is associated with health complications and lost opportunities for education and personal development. In addition to established challenges adolescents and young women face in sexual and reproductive healthcare, evidence suggests that they also face mistreatment during childbirth.

Methods: This is a secondary analysis of the WHO study 'How women are treated during facility-based childbirth' cross-sectional community survey in Ghana, Guinea, Myanmar and Nigeria.

Functional Haplotypes and Evolutionary Insight into the Granule-Bound Starch Synthase II () Gene in Korean Rice Accessions (KRICE_CORE).

Granule-bound starch synthase 2 (), a paralogous isoform of , carries out amylose biosynthesis in rice. Unlike , it mainly functions in transient organs, such as leaves. Despite many reports on the starch gene family, little is known about the genetics and genomics of .

Haplotype Variations and Evolutionary Analysis of the Granule-Bound Starch Synthase I Gene in the Korean World Rice Collection.

Granule-bound starch synthase I () is responsible for gene encoding the, which is involved in the amylose synthesis step of starch biosynthesis. We investigated the genotypic and haplotypic variations of () gene, including its evolutionary relatedness in the nucleotide sequence level using single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), indels, and structural variations (SVs) from 475 Korean World Rice Collection (KRICE_CORE), which comprised 54 wild rice and 421 cultivated represented by 6 ecotypes (temperate japonica, indica, tropical japonica, aus, aromatic, and admixture) or in another way by 3 varietal types (landrace, weedy, and bred). The results revealed that 27 of 59 haplotypes indicated a total of 12 functional SNPs (fSNPs), identifying 9 novel fSNPs.

The ACC deaminase-producing plant growth-promoting bacteria: Influences of bacterial strains and ACC deaminase activities in plant tolerance to abiotic stress.

Global climate change results in frequent occurrences and/or long durations of abiotic stress. Field grown plants are affected by abiotic stress, and they modulate ethylene in response to abiotic stress exposure and use it as a signaling molecule in stress tolerance mechanisms. However, frequent occurrences and/or long durations of stress conditions can cause plants to induce ethylene levels higher than their thresholds, resulting in a reduction of plant growth and crop productivity.

Women's report of mistreatment during facility-based childbirth: validity and reliability of community survey measures.

Background: Accountability for mistreatment during facility-based childbirth requires valid tools to measure and compare birth experiences. We analyse the WHO 'How women are treated during facility-based childbirth' community survey to test whether items mapping the typology of mistreatment function as scales and to create brief item sets to capture mistreatment by domain.

Methods: The cross-sectional community survey was conducted at up to 8 weeks post partum among women giving birth at hospitals in Ghana, Guinea, Myanmar and Nigeria.

Haplotype Analysis of by Next-Generation Sequencing Reveals Association with Salt Tolerance in Rice during Domestication.

Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (, a paralog of the fragrance gene , is known to be associated with salt stress through the accumulation of synthesized glycine betaine (GB), which is involved in the response to abiotic stresses. Despite the unclear association between and salt stress, we observed the responses of eight phenotypic characteristics (germination percentage (GP), germination energy (GE), germination index (GI), mean germination time (MGT), germination rate (GR), shoot length (SL), root length (RL), and total dry weight (TDW)) to salt stress during the germination stage of 475 rice accessions to investigate their association with haplotypes. We found a total of 116 SNPs and 77 InDels in the whole gene region, representing 39 haplotypes.

Neonatal Sepsis, Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern, and Treatment Outcomes among Neonates Treated in Two Tertiary Care Hospitals of Yangon, Myanmar from 2017 to 2019.

Neonatal sepsis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. This study aimed to assess the proportion of culture-confirmed sepsis, bacteriological pathogen profile, culture report turnaround times, antibiotic susceptibility patterns, and treatment outcomes of all with neonatal sepsis admitted in two tertiary care hospitals in Yangon, Myanmar, 2017-2019. This was a cross sectional study utilizing a standardized electronic database and paper-based records.

Influences of extrusion parameters on physicochemical properties of textured vegetable proteins and its meatless burger patty.

Isolated soy protein, wheat gluten, and starch at ratio 5:4:1 were texturized under different moisture contents (40 and 50%) and die temperature (130 and 150 °C) by the twin-screw extruder. Physicochemical properties were firstly studied. These textured vegetable proteins (TVPs) were used to form 100% plant-based burger patties.

Women's experiences of mistreatment during childbirth and their satisfaction with care: findings from a multicountry community-based study in four countries.

Introduction: Experiences of care and satisfaction are intrinsically linked, as user's experiences of care may directly impact satisfaction, or indirectly impact user's expectations and values. Both experiences of care and satisfaction are important to measure so that quality can be monitored and improved. Globally, women experience mistreatment during childbirth at facilities; however, there is limited evidence exploring the mistreatment and women's satisfaction with care during childbirth.

Factors that affect the discontinuation of family planning methods in Myanmar: analysis of the 2015-16 Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey.

Background: Access to family planning contributes up to a 44% reduction in maternal deaths. Since the majority of unplanned pregnancies and abortions occur in women who were either not using contraception or not using it consistently, greater access to contraception and more consistent use of contraception are crucial in the reduction of unplanned pregnancies and abortions. This study aims to determine which types of contraceptives are most often discontinued, the reasons for discontinuation, and the factors that influence contraceptive discontinuation for women in Myanmar.