Latent Profile Analysis of Cognitive Performance and Depressive Symptoms Among People with HIV.

Depression and cognitive impairment are prevalent conditions among people with HIV (PWH), likely attributable to shared causes and common risk factors. Identifying subtypes of PWH with similar patterns of neurocognitive impairment (NCI) and depressive symptoms may inform development of patient-centered interventions that target-specific profiles. This study aimed to (1) classify PWH based on patterns of domain-specific NCI and depression; and (2) determine the relationship between latent class membership and pertinent clinical characteristics.

Concurrent validity and reliability of at-home teleneuropsychological evaluations among people with and without HIV.

Objective: To determine the reliability of teleneuropsychological (TNP) compared to in-person assessments (IPA) in people with HIV (PWH) and without HIV (HIV-).

Methods: Participants included 80 PWH (M = 58.7, SD = 11.

Four-Year Trajectories of Internal Strengths and Socioemotional Support Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults with HIV.

Positive psychological attributes are associated with better health outcomes, yet few studies have identified their underlying constructs and none have examined their temporal trajectories in clinical vs. non-clinical samples. From data collected over 4 years from people with HIV (PWH) and HIV-uninfected (HIV-) participants, we identified two latent factors (internal strengths; socioemotional support) based on responses to seven positive psychological attributes.

Binge Drinking Relates to Worse Neurocognitive Functioning Among Adults Aging with HIV.

Objective: Given the aging population of people with HIV (PWH), along with increasing rates of binge drinking among both PWH and the general older adult population, this study examined the independent and interactive effects of HIV, binge drinking, and age on neurocognition.

Method: Participants were 146 drinkers stratified by HIV and binge drinking status (i.e.

A Culturally Adapted SMS Text Messaging Intervention to Promote Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Among African Americans: Protocol for a Single-Arm Trial.

Background: African Americans are disproportionally affected by HIV and have poorer rates of antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence compared to other racial or ethnic groups in the United States. Factors associated with poor HIV disease outcomes are commonly associated with sociostructural barriers that prevent engagement with and retention in HIV care. SMS text messaging interventions to promote ART adherence among predominantly non-Hispanic White persons with HIV (PWH) have been shown to be efficacious; however, limited research has been devoted to culturally tailoring interventions for underrepresented racial/ethnic groups.

Objective and subjective sleep measures are associated with neurocognition in aging adults with and without HIV.

Poor sleep quality is related to worse neurocognition in older adults and in people with HIV (PWH); however, many previous studies have relied only on self-report sleep questionnaires, which are inconsistently correlated with objective sleep measures. We examined relationships between objective and subjective sleep quality and neurocognition in persons with and without HIV, aged 50 and older. Eighty-five adults (PWH  = 52, HIV-negative  = 32) completed comprehensive neuropsychological testing to assess global and domain-specific neurocognition.

Felt Age Discrepancy Differs by HIV Serostatus: A Secondary Analysis.

We examined how the discrepancy between felt age (FA) and chronological age (CA) differed by HIV serostatus across three age cohorts and related to health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Participants included 119 people living with HIV (PLWH) and 98 uninfected adults, ages 36–65 years. FA was assessed by asking, “How old/young do you feel?” HRQoL was measured using the Medical Outcome Study Short Form Health Survey.

Perceived risks and amelioration of harm in research using mobile technology to support antiretroviral therapy adherence in the context of methamphetamine use: a focus group study among minorities living with HIV.

Background: Methamphetamine use poses a barrier to antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence. Black and Hispanic men who have sex with men living with HIV (PLWH) shoulder much of the health burden resulting from the methamphetamine and HIV syndemic. Smartphones are nearly ubiquitous in the USA and may be promising vehicles for delivering interventions for ART adherence and drug use cessation.

The Effects of Low-Risk Drinking on Neurocognition Among Older Persons Living With HIV as Compared to Those Without HIV.

Background: Heavy alcohol use negatively impacts neurocognition, but some studies report neurocognitive benefits associated with light drinking among HIV-seronegative (HIV-) older persons, suggesting a nonlinear or an inverted "J-shaped" association of alcohol consumption on neurocognition. Alcohol use is common among people with HIV (PWH); however, the association between recent "low-risk" alcohol consumption and neurocognition among PWH is poorly understood.

Methods: Participants included 310 PWH and 89 HIV- older (≥50 years) adults who reported alcohol abstinence or "low-risk" drinking, defined per the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism criteria (i.

Social support moderates D-dimer and self-rated successful aging within people with HIV and older adults.

Many factors can influence perceptions of successful aging (SA), including social isolation and poor physical health. We hypothesized that social support attenuates the negative effect of plasma D-dimer, a correlate of HIV and aging, on SA. Participants included 230 adults (134 people with HIV; PWH, 96 HIV-), ages 36-65, segregated into age cohorts with up to 5 yearly visits.

Genetic variation in alcohol dehydrogenase is associated with neurocognition in men with HIV and history of alcohol use disorder: preliminary findings.

The co-occurrence of HIV and alcohol use disorder (AUD) amplifies risk for neural injury and neurocognitive deficits. However, the substantial neurocognitive heterogeneity across HIV+/AUD+ individuals suggests inter-individual differences in vulnerability to the neurotoxicity of comorbid HIV/AUD. Genetic variation in alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), which metabolizes ethanol, may contribute to inter-individual neurocognitive variability.

Beneficial effects of postnatal choline supplementation on long-Term neurocognitive deficit resulting from fetal-Neonatal iron deficiency.

Early-life iron deficiency is a common nutrient condition worldwide and can result in cognitive impairment in adulthood despite iron treatment. In rodents, prenatal choline supplementation can diminish long-term hippocampal gene dysregulation and neurocognitive deficits caused by iron deficiency. Since fetal iron status is generally unknown in humans, we determined whether postnatal choline supplementation exerts similar beneficial effects.

Conditioned object preference: an alternative approach to measuring reward learning in rats.

Pavlovian conditioned approach behavior can be directed as much toward discrete cues as it is toward the environmental contexts in which those cues are encountered. The current experiments characterized a tendency of rats to approach object cues whose prior exposure had been paired with reward (conditioned object preference, COP). To demonstrate the phenomenon, rats were conditioned to associate cocaine or saline with two different objects.