Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, and of government responses to the pandemic, on people who are homeless in Australia: Mapping perceptions of a national sample of homelessness service workers.

People who are homeless are disproportionately impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, and by government responses to the pandemic. This study maps the perceptions of homelessness service workers in Australia, about the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and government responses to it on people who are homeless. An electronic survey was distributed to homelessness service across Australia in June/July 2020, following Australia's 'first wave' of COVID-19.

"I've learned to look at things in a different way": exploring patients' perspectives on participation in physiotherapist delivered integrated stress inoculation training and exercise for acute whiplash.

Purpose: To explore patient perspectives of the integrated intervention (intervention arm) of a recent randomised clinical trial that found clinically relevant and sustained benefits of a physiotherapist delivered integrated stress inoculation training (SIT) and exercise for people with acute whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) and at risk of poor recovery.

Material And Methods: Twelve patients from the 53 who participated in the SIT and exercise arm of a randomised controlled trial (StressModex RCT) participated in semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.

The Horse as a Therapist: Effects of an Equine Program Without "Therapy" on the Attention and Behavior of Youth Disengaged from Traditional School.

Equine-assisted therapy may promote positive behavior change in young people "at risk." However, it is not always clear what therapeutic content is involved and if a trained therapist is included. The therapeutic effects of the key part of the "therapy," the horse, are not understood.

Trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy and exercise for chronic whiplash with comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomised controlled trial.

Many people with chronic whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) have also symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but this is rarely considered in usual predominantly exercise-based interventions. We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of combined trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy (TF-CBT) and exercise compared with supportive therapy (ST) and exercise for people with chronic WAD and PTSD. A randomised controlled multicentre trial with concealed allocation, assessor blinding, and blinded analysis was conducted.

A Comparison of Perceptions of Reassurance in Patients with Nontraumatic Neck Pain and Whiplash-Associated Disorders in Consultations with Primary Care Practitioners-An Online Survey.

Objectives: Neck pain remains highly prevalent and costly worldwide. Although reassurance has been recommended as a first line of treatment, specific advice on the best ways to provide reassurance has not been provided due to lack of evidence. Pain symptoms and experiences differ between patients with whiplash-associated disorder (WAD) and those with nontraumatic neck pain (NTNP).

A comprehensive review of economic evaluations of therapeutic drug monitoring interventions for cancer treatments.

Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of cancer drugs has been shown to improve treatment effectiveness and safety. The aim of this paper was to comprehensively review economic evaluations of TDM interventions for cancer drugs. Searches were conducted in 4 electronic databases, Medline, EMBASE, and Centre for Reviews and Dissemination databases (Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects and the NHS Economic Evaluation Database), from their inception to June 2019.

A Qualitative Comparison of Reassurance Approaches Used by Physical Therapists to Address Fears and Concerns of Patients With Nonspecific Neck Pain and Whiplash-Associated Disorders: An Online Survey.

Objectives: The study aimed to identify and compare (1) what physical therapists perceive to be the main concerns, fears, and worries that patients with whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) and nontraumatic neck pain (NTNP) have as a result of their condition, and (2) the strategies used by physical therapists to address these fears and concerns.

Methods: Using convenience sampling, 30 physical therapists completed 2 online open-ended surveys. The responses were analyzed using 2 descriptive analytic methods (thematic analysis and constant comparative analysis), and then themes were examined for areas of convergence and divergence.

Assessing emotional and social health using photographs: An innovative research method for rural studies and its applicability in a care-farming program for youth.

A framework for assessing photographs for the emotional and social health of young people (SHAPE) is described and tested, within the context of a rural program. Two independent raters assessed the photographs of participants. To assess inter-rater reliability, Cohen' K and Kendall's W were calculated.

Recommendations For Core Outcome Domain Set For Whiplash-Associated Disorders (CATWAD).

Objective: Inconsistent reporting of outcomes in clinical trials of treatments for Whiplash-associated Disorders (WAD) hinders effective data pooling and conclusions that can be drawn about the effectiveness of tested treatments. The aim of this study was to provide recommendations for core outcome domains that should be included in clinical trials of WAD.

Materials And Methods: A 3-step process was used: (1) A list of potential core outcome domains were identified from the published literature.

Attachment insecurity as a vulnerability factor in the development of chronic whiplash associated disorder - A prospective cohort study.

Objectives: Attachment theory represents a dynamic model for understanding how pre-existing personality factors may contribute to the development of chronic pain and disability after whiplash injury. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of attachment insecurity on disability 6-months post-injury. It was hypothesized that: (1) levels of attachment insecurity assessed at baseline would predict levels of disability six months post-injury, and (2) both attachment dimensions (anxiety and avoidance) would moderate associations between pain and disability, and psychological distress and disability.

A core outcome set for clinical trials in whiplash-associated disorders (WAD): a study protocol.

Background: Whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) as a consequence of a motor vehicle crash are a costly health burden in Western societies. Up to 50% of injured people do not fully recover. There have been numerous clinical trials and cohort studies conducted for WAD with many varied outcome measures used, making data pooling difficult and hindering meta-analysis.

Whiplash Patients' Responses on the Impact of Events Scale-R: Congruent With Pain or PTSD Symptoms?

Objectives: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms are common among people with whiplash following a motor vehicle crash. The Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) screens for PTSD symptoms with psychologist referral recommended for above-threshold scores. Recent data indicate that PTSD symptoms post-whiplash may relate more to pain and disability than the crash itself.

Determining the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a stroke instructional and educational DVD in a multinational context: a randomized controlled pilot study.

Objective: To assess the feasibility of conducting a randomized controlled trial of an instructional and educational stroke DVD and determine the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of this intervention in a multinational context.

Design: Non-funded, pilot randomized controlled trial of intervention versus usual care.

Setting: International, multicentre, community-based.

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Psychological Interventions Delivered by Physiotherapists on Pain, Disability and Psychological Outcomes in Musculoskeletal Pain Conditions.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effectiveness of physiotherapist delivered psychological interventions combined with physiotherapy on pain, disability, and psychological outcomes for patients with musculoskeletal pain conditions.

Methods: The review was conducted in accordance with the (PRISMA) guidelines. Five databases were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials from inception to May 2016.

Post-traumatic stress symptom clusters in acute whiplash associated disorder and their prediction of chronic pain-related disability.

Introduction: The presence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms has been found to be associated with an increased risk of persisting neck pain and disability in motor vehicle crash (MVC) survivors with whiplash injuries. The findings are mixed as to which PTSD symptom(s) best predicts recovery in this population.

Objectives: The aims were (1) to explore the factor structure of the Post-traumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (PDS) in a sample of acute whiplash-injured individuals following a MVC and (2) to identify the PTSD-symptom clusters that best predict long-term neck pain-related disability in this population as measured by the Neck Pain Disability Index (NDI).

Information needs of patients with whiplash associated disorders: A Delphi study of patient beliefs.

Background: Whiplash associated disorders (WAD) result in significant personal and economic costs. Patient education and reassurance are recommended treatments for acute WAD but the information needs of patients have not been investigated.

Objectives: To determine what information whiplash-injured patients believe is important to help recovery in the acute stage of injury.

What information do patients need following a whiplash injury? The perspectives of patients and physiotherapists.

Purpose: The aims of the present study were to identify information that individuals with whiplash associated disorders (WAD) need to know in the early stages of recovery and to establish whether there is a difference between what physiotherapists and whiplash-injured patients perceive as important information.

Method: Forty-one participants were recruited (20 whiplash-injured patients, 21 physiotherapists). Participants were asked to provide five statements to one open-ended question about what they believe is the most important information individuals with WAD need to know in the early stages of recovery.

Investigating the Fear Avoidance Model in People With Whiplash: The Association Between Fear of Movement and In Vivo Activity.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to examine the relationship between fear of movement and activity levels in people with whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) over the first 3 months postinjury, to determine the mediating effect of: fear of movement on the relationship between catastrophizing and activity levels, and activity levels on the relationship between fear of movement and disability in patients with WAD.

Materials And Methods: Ambulatory monitoring of physical activity was conducted for a minimum of 8 waking hours on 2 consecutive days within 4 weeks postinjury and at 12 weeks postinjury for 103 (74 female) people with WAD. Time spent in upright postures (uptime) and time in motion (TIM) were collected along with measures of pain, disability, pain catastrophizing, and fear of movement.

Evidence for Using Farm Care Practices to Improve Attachment Outcomes in Foster Children: A Systematic Review.

Anecdotal evidence suggests that care farming practices have the potential to provide positive outcomes for young people in foster-care and residential care environments. A systematic review (searching; CINAHL, Web of Knowledge, PsychInfo) was conducted to explore how participation in care farming initiatives impacts attachment in children in foster-care and what aspects of care farming initiatives provides positive attachment outcomes. The systematic review did not identify any research publication in care farming and foster-care.

Trauma-focused cognitive behaviour therapy and exercise for chronic whiplash: protocol of a randomised, controlled trial.

Introduction: As a consequence of a road traffic crash, persistent pain and disability following whiplash injury are common and incur substantial personal and economic costs. Up to 50% of people who experience a whiplash injury will never fully recover and up to 30% will remain moderately to severely disabled by the condition. The reason as to why symptoms persist past the acute to sub-acute stage and become chronic is unclear, but likely results from complex interactions between structural injury, physical impairments, and psychological and psychosocial factors.

Planning following stroke: a relational complexity approach using the tower of london.

Planning on the 4-disk version of the Tower of London (TOL4) was examined in stroke patients and unimpaired controls. Overall TOL4 solution scores indicated impaired planning in the frontal stroke but not non-frontal stroke patients. Consistent with the claim that processing the relations between current states, intermediate states, and goal states is a key process in planning, the domain-general relational complexity metric was a good indicator of the experienced difficulty of TOL4 problems.

Methodology of the Stroke Self-Management Rehabilitation Trial: an international, multisite pilot trial.

Rationale: Stroke is a major cause of long-term adult disability with many survivors living in the community relying on family members for on-going support. However, reports of inadequate understanding of rehabilitation techniques are common. A self-management DVD-based observational learning tool may help improve functional outcomes for survivors of stroke and reduce caregivers' burden.

The capacity for health promotion survey.

Objective: The objective was to develop and examine the psychometric properties of the Capacity for Health Promotion Survey designed to assess the practice of health promotion in the area of severe mental illness.

Method: Seven hundred and eighty-five health professionals in Queensland, Australia, completed the survey. A principal component analysis was used to assess the factor structure of the scale and investigations of internal consistency, interitem correlation and item-discriminant validity were conducted to establish the reliability and validity of the survey.