Regulation of blood flow in adipose tissue: involvement of the cholinergic system.

Acetylcholine (Ach) has vasodilatory actions. However, data are conflicting about the role of Ach in regulating blood flow in subcutaneous adipose tissue (ATBF). This may be related to inaccurate ATBF recording or to the responder/nonresponder (R/NR) phenomenon.

Subcutaneous adipose tissue metabolism and pharmacology: a new investigative technique.

According to the Fick principle, any metabolic or hormonal exchange through a given tissue depends on the product of blood flow by arteriovenous difference. Because adipose tissue plays dual storage and endocrine roles, regulation of adipose tissue blood flow (ATBF) is of pivotal importance. Monitoring ATBF in humans can be achieved through different methodologies, such as the (133)Xe washout technique, considered to be the "gold standard", as well as microdialysis and other methods that are not well validated as of yet.

Dose-dependent delay of the hypoglycemic effect of short-acting insulin analogs in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes: a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study.

Objective: Injected volume and subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow (ATBF) affect insulin absorption. Pharmacokinetics of short-acting insulin analogs were established by assessing injection of small doses in lean subjects, healthy or with type 1 diabetes. In obese patients, however, daily dosages are larger and ATBF is decreased.