Objectives: In most primate species that live in social groups, non-mothers frequently interact with infants leading to significant impacts on maternal care strategies and both infant socialization and survivorship. In this study, we focused on infant handling by non-mother individuals in mantled howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata), a species for which very little information is available on this topic.
Materials And Methods: Using focal-animal sampling for 743 h, we observed 218 instances of interest and 232 handling events involving 14 infants (i.