SCOUT: Skull-Corrected Optimization for Ultrasound Transducers.

Transcranial focused ultrasound has been studied for non-invasive and localized treatment of many brain diseases. The biggest challenge for focusing ultrasound onto the brain is the skull, which attenuates ultrasound and changes its propagation direction, leading to pressure drop, focus shift, and defocusing. We presented an optimization algorithm which automatically found the optimal location for placing a single-element focused transducer.

Survival analysis of 3D printed acetabular implants in revision total hip arthroplasty associated with severe pelvic discontinuities.

Background: Surgeons still face difficulties when performing aseptic acetabular revision on patients with extensive defects. Advances in three-dimensional printing technology (3DP) have afforded to the surgeons to create a patient-specific implant matching the morphology and topography of the defect.

Objective: The aim of the current research was to determine the survivorship in the treatment of acetabular bone defects with pelvic discontinuity (PD).

High-Accuracy Neuro-Navigation with Computer Vision for Frameless Registration and Real-Time Tracking.

For the past three decades, neurosurgeons have utilized cranial neuro-navigation systems, bringing millimetric accuracy to operating rooms worldwide. These systems require an operating room team, anesthesia, and, most critically, cranial fixation. As a result, treatments for acute neurosurgical conditions, performed urgently in emergency rooms or intensive care units on awake and non-immobilized patients, have not benefited from traditional neuro-navigation.

Utility of histopathological examination in aseptic revision total hip arthroplasty: a preliminary analysis.

Introduction: The utility of a routine histopathological examination in aseptic revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) has not been well explored. We aim to describe the approach and present the results of histopathological examination, focusing on its clinical usefulness in the setting of aseptic revision THA.

Method: We retrospectively reviewed 285 performed aseptic revision THA with available histopathological reports between 2015 and 2017 at a single institution.

The first maternal genetic study of hunter-gatherers from Vietnam.

The current limitation of ancient DNA data from Vietnam led to the controversy surrounding the prehistory of people in this region. The combination of high heat and humidity damaged ancient bones that challenged the study of human evolution, especially when using DNA as study materials. So far, only 4 k years of history have been recorded despite the 65 k years of history of anatomically modern human occupations in Vietnam.

Total knee arthroplasty and patelloplasty in a patient with phocomelia caused by thalidomide.

The treatment of osteoarthritis in patients with phocomelia with total knee arthroplasty is challenging due to the unusual anatomy and severe deformities. The authors present a case of phocomelia caused by thalidomide with end-stage osteoarthritis and grossly medialized patella. The patient was treated with a cemented constrained non-hinged prosthesis and patelloplasty.

What to Do When Revision Procedures Fail to Prevent Recurrent Hip Dislocation in THA? A Novel Simple Technique for Selected Patients.

Failure to achieve postoperative stability is disappointing for both surgeons and patients after revision total hip arthroplasty. In particular, when available revision options have been exhausted. We describe our modification of previously reported surgical techniques without revising any component in a high-risk female patient with persistent hip dislocation despite multiple cup revisions using different implants.

Interprosthetic Femoral Sleeves in Revision Arthroplasty: A 20-Year Experience.

Background: Interprosthetic femoral fractures in patients with ipsilateral stemmed total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) can be technically demanding to treat surgically. Nonunion and implant failure are among the main complications following fixation of interprosthetic femoral (IF) fractures. Total femoral arthroplasty (TFA) is associated with a high incidence of infection and instability.

Where to from here? Blue passports, family, career-and Donald Trump.

In this essay, we offer our stories of family and migration under a Donald Trump presidency. We are a lesbian couple; one of us is a citizen of the United States while the other is a citizen of a Muslim country. We use autoethnographic methods to explore and interrogate our "messy and fabulous" journey of liminality; our journey of belonging and exclusion, where we grapple with issues related to sexuality, family, career, and citizenship.

Preliminary results of a 3D-printed acetabular component in the management of extensive defects.

Introduction: The treatment of extensive bone loss and massive acetabular defects can be compounded by several challenges and pitfalls. The survivorship following acetabular revision with extensive bone loss is still unsatisfactory. The goal of the present study was to analyse the outcomes of 3D-printed patient-specific acetabular components in the management of extensive acetabular defects and combined pelvic discontinuity (PD).

A modified mobilization-with-movement to treat a lateral ankle sprain.

Introduction And Background: Lateral ankle sprains (LAS) are common in sports medicine and can result in a high rate of re-injury and chronic ankle instability (CAI). Recent evidence supports the use on mobilizations directed at the ankle in patients who have suffered a LAS. The Mulligan Concept of Mobilization-with-Movement (MWM) provides an intervention strategy for LASs, but requires pain-free mobilization application and little literature exists on modifications of these techniques.

Effectiveness of bacterial disinfectants on surfaces of mechanical ventilator systems.

Background: Pathogens in healthcare settings can be transmitted via skin contact and environmental media. This study investigates bacterial contamination rate on surfaces of mechanical ventilator systems and bedside equipment. An experimental study evaluates the effectiveness of 75% alcohol in killing bacteria on surfaces.

Intraoperative sonography: a technique for localizing focal forms of congenital hyperinsulinism in the pancreas.

Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI), syn. nesidioblastosis, is the most frequent cause of persistent, recurrent hypoglycemia in infancy. One third of patients show a single circumscribed focus.

Visualization of the focus in congenital hyperinsulinism by intraoperative sonography.

In surgery for focal congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI), the identification and complete resection of the focus without collateral damage is of utmost importance. In a pilot study we applied intra-abdominal high-frequency sonography during surgery for focal CHI in 2 infants. The focus could be identified, its relation to the pancreatic and common bile duct could be shown, and the typical octopus-like tentacles could be demonstrated.

[Comorbidity and psychosocial need in children and adolescents with anorectal malformations].

Anorectal malformations (ARM) are not externally visible and have an uncertain medical course. Only about half of the patients with ARM have satisfactory bowel functions. Studies of ARM have reported reduced quality of life and psychosocial problems in up to 73% of the patients.

Off-pump coronary artery bypass in a patient with congenital absence of the left pericardium and an extremely left-rotated heart.

Congenital anomalies of the pericardium are extremely rare and often difficult to diagnose. We describe a 66-year-old woman presenting with multivessel coronary artery disease and right heart insufficiency complicated by an extremely left-rotated heart due to a congenital absence of left pericardium. A multidetector row computerized tomographic study was performed to evaluate the torsion of the heart as well as the physical relationship between the left internal thoracic artery and the left coronary system.

Prospective evaluation of comorbidity and psychosocial need in children and adolescents with anorectal malformation. Part one: paediatric surgical evaluation and treatment of defecating disorder.

Introduction: Anorectal malformations represent a continuing challenge for the paediatric surgeon. Faecal and urinary incontinence can occur even with an excellent anatomic repair. We undertook a prospective evaluation of comorbidity and psychosocial needs in children and adolescents with anorectal malformation to test the hypothesis whether psychosocial workup in concert with an improved continence situation would lead to a better functional outcome in patients suffering from defecating disorders.

Prospective evaluation of comorbidity and psychosocial need in children and adolescents with anorectal malformations. Part 2: evaluation of psychosocial need.

Purpose: Only a few patients with anorectal malformations (ARM) have satisfactory bowel functions. Studies of ARM have reported psychosocial problems in up to 73% of patients. The aim of the current study was to document the psychosocial needs of patients with ARM.

Reduction of postoperative adhesions by perfluorocarbons: an experimental study in a rat model.

Peritoneal adhesions are a well-known and frequently occurring postoperative complication. Many published studies have looked into the prophylaxis of adhesions following abdominal surgery, but only few clinically relevant agents have been reported. Most publications refer to adult patients and not to paediatric patient collectives.

[Acetabular reinforcement rings in revision total hip arthroplasty: midterm results in 298 cases].

Background: Acetabular revision in total hip arthroplasty (THA), especially for loose or migrated cup components with collateral bone loss, remains a great surgical challenge. The aim should always be a functionally favorable reconstruction of the rotation center with sufficient load capacity of the acetabulum. Commonly used implants in Europe are the Mueller ring, the Ganz ring, and the Burch-Schneider cage.

Comparison of a new mobile-bearing total knee prosthesis with a fixed-bearing prosthesis: a matched pair analysis.

Background: New prosthesis designs should provide either superior function or durability. Before long time follow up studies are started it should at least prove its effectiveness in clinical outcomes. Therefore we have studied the early clinical results of a new mobile bearing total knee prosthesis (e.

Evaluation of [18F]fluoro-L-DOPA positron emission tomography-computed tomography for surgery in focal congenital hyperinsulinism.

Context: In congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI), the identification and precise localization of a focal lesion is essential for successful surgery.

Objective: Our objective was to evaluate the predictive value and accuracy of integrated [18F]fluoro-L-DOPA ([18F]FDOPA) positron emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography (CT) for the surgical therapy of CHI.

Design: This was an observational study.

Duplication and exstrophy of the bladder with clitoris and vagina duplex as well as uterus bicornis.

The variants of bladder exstrophy with duplication of the bladder are extremely rare and associated with further malformations of the genitourinary system. Initially, the clinical appearance is that of a classic exstrophy. In this case a second, regularly configured bladder with a normal supravesical urinary tract was found covered by an omphalocele like a cutaneous bag.

Isolated left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia: cardiac axis and displacement before fetal viability has no role in predicting postnatal outcome.

Objectives: The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine whether objective assessment of cardiac shifting on two-dimensional ultrasonography can predict postnatal outcome in fetuses with isolated left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).

Materials And Methods: Still images at the level of the four-chamber view were obtained in 23 fetuses with left-sided CDH. A group of 12 fetuses (3 non-survivors and 9 survivors) were examined at two periods, between 20 and 30 weeks and between 31 and 40 weeks.