Radiographic analysis of the dorsal hoof wall thickness in clinically normal draft horses.

Objective: To evaluate the radiographic thickness of the dorsal hoof wall in normal draft horse feet.

Animals: 33 adult draft horses with no history of laminitis, no clinically obvious lameness, and visibly unremarkable front feet were included.

Methods: This was a prospective, descriptive study of clinically normal draft horses' front feet.

Ultrasonographic Appearance of Gallbladder Neoplasia in 14 Dogs and 1 Cat.

Ultrasonography is the most commonly used diagnostic imaging tool for gallbladder disease in veterinary medicine. Primary gallbladder neoplasia is an uncommon finding with variable prognosis for which no studies have been published describing their ultrasonographic appearance and diagnosis. This retrospective, multicenter, case series study examines the ultrasonographic appearance of gallbladder neoplasia with histologically or cytologically confirmed diagnoses.

Radiographic evaluation of patellar ligament length after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy in dogs.

Objective: To radiographically compare patellar ligament length (PLL) in dogs undergoing tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) for unilateral cranial cruciate ligament rupture at preoperative, postoperative, and follow-up evaluations.

Animals: 105 dogs that underwent TPLO for unilateral cranial cruciate ligament rupture at a referral veterinary hospital from October 1, 2008, through November 30, 2017.

Procedures: Medical records were reviewed to obtain information on dog signalment, surgical procedure, and radiographically measured PLL at preoperative, postoperative, and follow-up evaluations.

Use of non-contrast-enhanced computed tomography to identify deep digital flexor tendinopathy in horses with lameness: 28 cases (2014-2016).

Objective: To describe the use of non-contrast-enhanced CT to identify deep digital flexor (DDF) tendinopathy in horses with lameness attributed to pain in regions distal to the metatarsophalangeal or metacarpophalangeal joints.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: 28 client-owned horses.

Ultrasound elastography of the liver, spleen, and kidneys in clinically normal cats.

A large amount of overlap exists in the B-mode ultrasound appearance of normal and abnormal liver, spleen, and kidney tissues in cats. Therefore, invasive tissue sampling procedures remain the standard method for diagnosing diseases in these organs. The purpose of our study was to assess the feasibility of ultrasound elastography as a technique for improving noninvasive characterization of the feline liver, spleen, and kidneys.

An assessment of intra- and interobserver agreement of reporting orthopaedic findings on presale radiographs of Thoroughbred yearlings.

Reasons For Performing Study: Radiography is commonly used in clinical practice but agreement of reporting of radiographically detected orthopaedic findings in horses has rarely been studied.

Objectives: To assess agreement within and between observers for reporting of orthopaedic findings on presale radiographs of Thoroughbred yearlings.

Study Design: Retrospective analysis of archived radiographs.

The future of imaging in veterinary oncology: learning from human medicine.

Imaging technology is critical for adequate diagnosis and staging in human and veterinary oncology. Sensitive detection of lesions is necessary to determine appropriate local or systemic therapy and to monitor therapeutic results. New technology in digital radiography, ultrasound, and computed tomography (CT) scanning are now widely available in veterinary medicine.

Clinical features and magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of diskospondylitis in dogs: 23 cases (1997-2010).

Objective: To describe the signalment, clinical features, and most common MRI characteristics in dogs with diskospondylitis and investigate whether a correlation exists between the degree of spinal cord compression and neurologic status of the patient.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: 23 dogs.

Comparison of thoracic and abdominal cavity volumes during abdominal CO2 insufflation and abdominal wall lift.

Objective: To compare thoracic and abdominal cavity volumes during abdominal CO2 insufflation and abdominal wall lift (AWL) conditions.

Study Design: In vitro cadaveric study.

Animals: Mature medium-to-large breed fresh canine cadavers (n = 6).

Skeletal muscles of hibernating brown bears are unusually resistant to effects of denervation.

Hibernating bears retain most of their skeletal muscle strength despite drastically reduced weight-bearing activity. Regular neural activation of muscles is a potential mechanism by which muscle atrophy could be limited. However, both mechanical loading and neural activity are usually necessary to maintain muscle size.

Evaluation of the biliary and brain distribution of technetium Tc 99m sestamibi in healthy dogs with the ABCB1 wildtype genotype before and after treatment with spinosad.

Objective: To determine whether the reported drug-drug interaction between the flea medication spinosad and ivermectin is attributable to inhibition of P-glycoprotein by spinosad.

Animals: 6 healthy adult dogs with the ABCB1 wildtype genotype.

Procedures: The study was conducted as a prospective, masked, randomized crossover design.

Radiographic appearance of the thorax of clinically normal alpaca crias.

Objective: To quantitatively and qualitatively assess the radiographic appearance of the thorax of clinically normal alpaca crias.

Animals: 21 clinically normal alpaca crias.

Procedures: Left-right lateral (LR), right-left lateral (RL), dorsoventral (DV), and ventrodorsal (VD) projections of the thorax were acquired.

Correlation of ultrasound findings, liver and spleen cytology, and prognosis in the clinical staging of high metastatic risk canine mast cell tumors.

Cytologic sampling of the ultrasonographically normal spleen and liver is not implemented routinely in the clinical staging of canine cutaneous mast cell tumors and normal ultrasound findings are often accepted as sufficient evidence for ruling out splenic or liver metastasis. Our objective was to define the specificity and sensitivity of ultrasound findings for diagnosis of mast cell infiltration when verified with cytologic evaluation, and to define the prognostic role of cytologic evaluation of liver and splenic aspirates. Dogs with a diagnosis of clinically aggressive grade II, or grade III mast cell tumor treated with a combination vinblastine/CCNU chemotherapy protocol, were selected retrospectively based on availability of cytologic evaluation of spleen plus or minus liver for staging.

Comparative pathogenesis of three human and zoonotic SARS-CoV strains in cynomolgus macaques.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic was characterized by increased pathogenicity in the elderly due to an early exacerbated innate host response. SARS-CoV is a zoonotic pathogen that entered the human population through an intermediate host like the palm civet. To prevent future introductions of zoonotic SARS-CoV strains and subsequent transmission into the human population, heterologous disease models are needed to test the efficacy of vaccines and therapeutics against both late human and zoonotic isolates.

Identification and prevalence of errors affecting the quality of radiographs submitted to Australian thoroughbred yearling sale repositories.

We aimed to identify common mistakes made when radiographing yearling sale horses. Radiographic examinations from repositories at eight yearling sales held in Australia in 2003 were assessed by one of four veterinary radiology specialists. Each radiographic examination consisted of a maximum of 34 radiographs.

Thoracic radiography as a refinement methodology for the study of H1N1 influenza in cynomologus macaques (Macaca fascicularis).

Recent advances in the technology associated with digital radiography have created new opportunities for biomedical research applications. Here we evaluated the use of thoracic radiography as a noninvasive refinement methodology for the cynomologus macaque (Macaca fascicularis) model of H1N1 infection. Thoracic radiographic evaluations of macaques infected with any of 3 strains of emerging H1N1 swine-associated influenza virus isolated during the recent pandemic were compared with those of macaques infected with the currently circulating Kawasaki strain of H1N1 influenza.

Pandemic swine-origin H1N1 influenza A virus isolates show heterogeneous virulence in macaques.

The first influenza pandemic of the new millennium was caused by a newly emerged swine-origin influenza virus (SOIV) (H1N1). This new virus is characterized by a previously unknown constellation of gene segments derived from North American and Eurasian swine lineages and the absence of common markers predictive of human adaptation. Overall, human infections appeared to be mild, but an alarming number of young individuals presented with symptoms atypical for seasonal influenza.

An insertion mutation in ABCB4 is associated with gallbladder mucocele formation in dogs.

Background: ABCB4 functions as a phosphatidylcholine translocater, flipping phosphatidylcholine across hepatocyte canalicular membranes into biliary canaliculi. In people, ABCB4 gene mutations are associated with several disease syndromes including intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (type 3), primary biliary cirrhosis, and cholelithiasis. Hepatobiliary disease, specifically gallbladder mucocele formation, has been recognized with increased frequency in dogs during the past decade.

Biliary excretion of technetium-99m-sestamibi in wild-type dogs and in dogs with intrinsic (ABCB1-1Delta mutation) and extrinsic (ketoconazole treated) P-glycoprotein deficiency.

P-glycoprotein (P-gp), the product of ABCB1 gene, is thought to play a role in the biliary excretion of a variety of drugs, but specific studies in dogs have not been performed. Because a number of endogenous (ABCB1 polymorphisms) and exogenous (pharmacological P-gp inhibition) factors can interfere with normal P-gp function, a better understanding of P-gp's role in biliary drug excretion is crucial in preventing adverse drug reactions and drug-drug interactions in dogs. The objectives of this study were to compare biliary excretion of technetium-99m-sestamibi ((99m)Tc-MIBI), a radio-labelled P-gp substrate, in wild-type dogs (ABCB1 wild/wild), and dogs with intrinsic and extrinsic deficiencies in P-gp function.

Kinetics of inhibition of purified bovine neutrophil matrix metalloproteinase 9 by low-molecular-weight inhibitors.

Objective: To measure the effects of lowmolecular-weight inhibitors on the activity of bovine neutrophil matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9).

Sample Population: Bovine MMP-9 purified from bovine neutrophilconditioned medium.

Procedures: Neutrophils were degranulated by stimulation with phorbol ester.