Comparative Study on the Duration and Efficacy of Various Botulinum Toxin Type A Injections for Reducing Masseteric Muscle Bite Force and Treating Facial Wrinkles.

Objective: Botulinum toxin serotype A (BoNT/A) is widely used for minimal invasive aesthetic treatments. Different brands of BoNT/A exhibit structural variations. The aim of this study was to compare the duration and efficacy of various BoNT/A brands available in Thailand for reducing bite force and treating wrinkles.

Duration of bite force reduction following a single injection of botulinum toxin in the masseter muscle bilaterally: A one-year non-randomized trial.

Background: Previous studies concerning the effect of botulinum toxin in masseter muscle have mainly reported effects observed through inspection of facial features or differences in pain levels. One systematic review of studies utilizing objective measurements reported that long-term muscular effect of botulinum neurotoxin injections into masseter muscle was inconclusive.

Objective: To evaluate the duration of reduced maximal voluntary bite force (MVBF) after botulinum toxin intervention.

Ti Ions Induce IL-1β Release by Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in a Human Macrophage Cell Line.

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether titanium (Ti)-induced release of interleukin (IL)-1β acts through the assembly of the NACHT, LRR, and PYD domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. In addition, we examined whether particulate Ti or TiO activates the same intracellular pathways with the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome as Ti ions. Ti ions are known to induce IL-1β maturation and release by the formation of metal-protein aggregates.

The effect of botulinum toxin injections on bruxism: A systematic review.

Objective: To systematize evidence on the efficacy of botulinum toxin type A (BTA) in the treatment of bruxism measured through bite force or electromyography (EMG) at the masseter muscle.

Method: Identification of relevant articles through databases PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, Ovid and EBSCO and manual search were performed for sources from review articles. Studies scoring less than 3 on the Jadad Scale were excluded.

Titanium release in peri-implantitis.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the titanium (Ti) content of biopsies from patients with severe peri-implantitis or controls without Ti exposure.

Background: Peri-implantitis is considered to be an infectious disease, but recent studies have shown that Ti can aggravate inflammation in combination with bacterial products. The Ti content of peri-implantitis and periodontitis (controls) tissue is unknown.

Effect of cobalt ions on the interaction between macrophages and titanium.

Inflammation and bone reduction around dental implants are described as peri-implantitis and can be caused by an inflammatory response against bacterial products and toxins. Titanium (Ti) forms aggregates with serum proteins, which activate and cause release of the cytokine interleukin (IL-1β) from human macrophages. It was hypothesized that cobalt (Co) ions can interact in the formation of pro-inflammatory aggregates, formed by titanium.

Release of titanium after insertion of dental implants with different surface characteristics - an animal study.

In the present study, amount of titanium (Ti) released into the surrounding bone during placement of implants with different surface structure was investigated. Quantification of Ti released during insertion from three different implants was performed in this study. Jaw bone from pigs was used as model for installation of the implants and Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) was used for analysis of the released Ti.

Implant-level prostheses in the edentulous maxilla: a comparison with conventional abutment-level prostheses after 5 years of use.

Purpose: Long-term comparisons of frameworks at the implant or abutment level are not available, and knowledge of the clinical function of cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) alloy frameworks is limited. Primarily, the aim of this study was to compare the 5-year clinical performance of frameworks with or without abutment connections to implants. Secondly, the outcomes of prostheses made from Co-Cr alloy with porcelain veneers to those made of commercially pure titanium (CP Ti) with acrylic veneers were compared.

Systematizing medical alerts.

The current Swedish regulations for medical alerts in health records were designed for paper records. Suggestions for computerized systems are now being investigated. A proposed model using three alert categories, graphically represented using three directions, probably combined with three severity levels is presented here.