Perceptual coupling in human dyads: Kinematics does not affect interpersonal synchronization.

The minimal, essential condition for individuals to interact is that they exchange information via at least one sensory channel. Once informational coupling is established, it enables basic forms of coordinated behavior to spontaneously emerge from the interaction. Our previous study revealed different coordination dynamics in dyads engaged in a joint finger-tapping task based on visual versus auditory coupling.

Auditory attention measured by EEG in neurological populations: systematic review of literature and meta-analysis.

Sensorimotor synchronization strategies have been frequently used for gait rehabilitation in different neurological populations. Despite these positive effects on gait, attentional processes required to dynamically attend to the auditory stimuli needs elaboration. Here, we investigate auditory attention in neurological populations compared to healthy controls quantified by EEG recordings.

Embodied perspective-taking enhances interpersonal synchronization: A body-swap study.

Humans exhibit a strong tendency to synchronize movements with each other, with visual perspective potentially influencing interpersonal synchronization. By manipulating the visual scenes of participants engaged in a joint finger-tapping task, we examined the effects of 1 person and 2 person visual perspectives on their coordination dynamics. We hypothesized that perceiving the partner's movements from their 1 person perspective would enhance spontaneous interpersonal synchronization, potentially mediated by the embodiment of the partner's hand.

Neural entrainment underpins sensorimotor synchronization to dynamic rhythmic stimuli.

Neural entrainment, defined as unidirectional synchronization of neural oscillations to an external rhythmic stimulus, is a topic of major interest in the field of neuroscience. Despite broad scientific consensus on its existence, on its pivotal role in sensory and motor processes, and on its fundamental definition, empirical research struggles in quantifying it with non-invasive electrophysiology. To this date, broadly adopted state-of-the-art methods still fail to capture the dynamic underlying the phenomenon.

Mutual beta power modulation in dyadic entrainment.

Across a broad spectrum of interactions, humans exhibit a prominent tendency to synchronize their movements with one another. Traditionally, this phenomenon has been explained from the perspectives of predictive coding or dynamical systems theory. While these theories diverge with respect to whether individuals hold internal models of each other, they both assume a predictive or anticipatory mechanism enabling rhythmic interactions.

Temporal trends of multiple sclerosis disease activity: Electronic health records indicators.

Background: Long-term data on multiple sclerosis (MS) inflammatory disease activity are limited. We examined electronic health records (EHR) indicators of disease activity in people with MS.

Methods: We analyzed prospectively collected research registry data and linked EHR data in a clinic-based cohort from 2000 to 2016.

Serum NfL levels in the first five years predict 10-year thalamic fraction in patients with MS.

Background: Serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) levels are associated with relapses, MRI lesions, and brain volume in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Objective: To explore the value of early serum neurofilament light (sNfL) measures in prognosticating 10-year regional brain volumes in MS.

Methods: Patients with MS enrolled in the Comprehensive Longitudinal Investigations in MS at Brigham and Women's Hospital (CLIMB) study within five years of disease onset who had annual blood samples from years 1-10 (n = 91) were studied.

Gaetano Perusini: The Forgotten Neuroscientist Behind "Alzheimer's" Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive and behavioral impairment with social and occupational impacts. This form of dementia is being increasingly studied, and its prevalence is expected to rise in the near future. Gaetano Perusini, a neuroscientist in the Alzheimer's laboratory, has played a major clinical and pathological role in the earlier study of Alzheimer's disease.

Modality-specific attractor dynamics in dyadic entrainment.

Rhythmic joint coordination is ubiquitous in daily-life human activities. In order to coordinate their actions towards shared goals, individuals need to co-regulate their timing and move together at the collective level of behavior. Remarkably, basic forms of coordinated behavior tend to emerge spontaneously as long as two individuals are exposed to each other's rhythmic movements.

Neural Entrainment Meets Behavior: The Stability Index as a Neural Outcome Measure of Auditory-Motor Coupling.

Understanding rhythmic behavior in the context of coupled auditory and motor systems has been of interest to neurological rehabilitation, in particular, to facilitate walking. Recent work based on behavioral measures revealed an entrainment effect of auditory rhythms on motor rhythms. In this study, we propose a method to compute the neural component of such a process from an electroencephalographic (EEG) signal.

Pliny the Elder: Lessons from the Naturalist as an Early Neuroscientist.

Pliny the Elder was a prolific Roman author, naturalist, and military leader. Yet, his impact on modern-day neuroscience, psychiatry, and neurology has been little explored. Here, we aimed to trace the origins of our current understanding of the brain in ancient Rome through Pliny and his work, .

Obesity is associated with the Optic Neuritis severity in Male patients with Multiple Sclerosis.

Background: Obesity is an important modifiable risk factor of MS; a deeper biological understanding of this association is needed.

Objective: To evaluate the determinants of acute optic neuritis (AON) severity and recovery in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods: We included 61 patients with MS with recorded AON severity and recovery according to visual acuity outcomes before, at, and, after the relapse.

MRI Lesion State Modulates the Relationship Between Serum Neurofilament Light and Age in Multiple Sclerosis.

Background And Purpose: Serum neurofilament light (sNfL) has been studied as a biomarker of disease activity in multiple sclerosis (MS). Several factors, including age, can influence its dynamics, and several studies have shown that sNfL increases with age in controls. Our objective was to explore the relationship of sNfL and age at different MS disease stages, including remission and after a gadolinium-enhancing (Gad+) lesion.

Neurologic complications of Down syndrome: a systematic review.

Down syndrome (DS) is one of the most well-recognized genetic disorders. Persons with DS are known to have a variety of co-morbid medical problems, affecting nearly all organ systems. Improved healthcare interventions and research have allowed for increased life span of persons with DS, although disorders of the neurologic system remain underexplored.

Down Syndrome Disintegrative Disorder: A Clinical Regression Syndrome of Increasing Importance.

Down syndrome disintegrative disorder (DSDD), a developmental regression in children with Down syndrome (DS), is a clinical entity that is characterized by a loss of previously acquired adaptive, cognitive, and social functioning in persons with DS usually in adolescence to early adulthood. Initially reported in 1946 as "catatonic psychosis," there has been an increasing interest among the DS community, primary care, and subspecialty providers in this clinical area over the past decade. This condition has a subacute onset and can include symptoms of mood lability, decreased participation in activities of daily living, new-onset insomnia, social withdrawal, autistic-like regression, mutism, and catatonia.

Temporal association of sNfL and gad-enhancing lesions in multiple sclerosis.

Objective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disorder, which is characterized by relapses and remissions. Serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) is an emerging biomarker of disease activity but its clinical use is still limited. In this study, we aim to characterize the temporal association between sNfL and new clinical relapses and new gadolinium-enhancing (Gd+) lesions.

Targeting IL-6 receptor in the treatment of neuromyelitis optica spectrum: a review of emerging treatment options.

: Recent research has shown that IL-6 receptor (IL-6 R) inhibitors like tocilizumab and satralizumab are effective in reducing the relapse rate in patients with NMOSD.: This review article explores current concepts in NMOSD management and focuses on IL-6 R as a therapeutic target. The authors delve into the biological and immunological role of IL-6 in the pathogenesis of NMOSD.

Association Between Cigarette Smoking and Multiple Sclerosis: A Review.

Importance: Cigarette smoking is a common environmental exposure and addiction, which has severe health consequences. Smoking is a risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS); also, smoking has been associated with disease activity and overall prognosis for patients with MS.

Observations: Cigarette smoking is an irritative agent on the lungs, in which a proinflammatory cascade starts that culminates in autoimmunity.

Wilhelm Uhthoff and Uhthoff's phenomenon.

Wilhelm Uhthoff, known for his contributions to both neurology and neuro-ophthalmology, was a German ophthalmologist who specialized in neurologic disorders. The eponym "Uhthoff's phenomenon" was first used to describe the reversible, transient blurring of vision in patients with multiple sclerosis during exercise. Subsequently, it was discovered that this neurologic sign not only was triggered by physical exertion but also by other homeostatic disruptions such as hot baths, menstruation, and high external temperatures.

Cross-sectional study of smoking exposure: no differential effect on OCT metrics in a cohort of MS patients.

Background: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides quantitative measures of retinal layer thickness. Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS) onset and disease severity: its effects on OCT metrics have not been assessed.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the effect of smoking history on retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform (GCIP) of MS patients by OCT.

Neurofilament light chain serum levels correlate with 10-year MRI outcomes in multiple sclerosis.

Objective: To assess the value of annual serum neurofilament light (NfL) measures in predicting 10-year clinical and MRI outcomes in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods: We identified patients in our center's Comprehensive Longitudinal Investigations in MS at Brigham and Women's Hospital (CLIMB) study enrolled within 5 years of disease onset, and with annual blood samples up to 10 years ( = 122). Serum NfL was measured using a single molecule array (SIMOA) assay.