Initial empirical antibiotic therapy in kidney transplant recipients with pyelonephritis: A global survey of current practice and opinions across 19 countries on six continents.

Background: Despite the burden of pyelonephritis after kidney transplantation, there is no consensus on initial empirical antibiotic management.

Methods: We surveyed clinicians throughout the world on their practice and opinions about the initial empirical therapy of post-transplant pyelonephritis, using clinical vignettes. A panel of experts from 19 countries on six continents designed this survey, and invited 2145 clinicians to participate.

Evolution, control and success of combination therapy with Ampicilin-sulbactam/Ceftazidime-Avibactam during a Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii outbreak in burn Intensive Care Unit.

We present our findings on interpatient transmission, epidemic control measures, and the outcomes of a series of ten critically ill burn patients who were either colonized or infected with carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB). None of the five infected patients achieved clinical cure, and all experienced relapses. Microbiological failure was observed in 40% of the infected patients.

Mutation Rate of AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales and Treatment in Clinical Practice: A Word of Caution.

In a retrospective multicenter study of 575 patients with bloodstream infections or pneumonia due to wild-type AmpC β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales, species with low in vitro mutation rates for AmpC derepression were associated with fewer treatment failures due to AmpC overproduction (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.5 [95% CI, .2-.

Effectiveness of third-generation cephalosporins or piperacillin compared with cefepime or carbapenems for severe infections caused by wild-type AmpC β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales: A multi-centre retrospective propensity-weighted study.

Background: The optimal treatment regimen for infections caused by wild-type AmpC β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales remains controversial. This study compared the outcomes of bloodstream infections (BSI) and pneumonia according to the type of definitive antibiotic therapy: third-generation cephalosporin (3GC), piperacillin ± tazobactam, cefepime or carbapenem.

Methods: All cases of BSI and pneumonia caused by wild-type AmpC β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales over 2 years in eight university hospitals were reviewed.

Efficacy of vancomycin lock therapy for totally implantable venous access port-related infection due to coagulase-negative staphylococci in 100 patients with cancer.

Objectives: Data on the efficacy of vancomycin catheter lock therapy (VLT) for conservative treatment of totally implantable venous access port-related infections (TIVAP-RI) due to CoNS are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of VLT in the treatment of TIVAP-RI due to CoNS in cancer patients.

Methods: This prospective, observational, multicentre study included adults with cancer treated with VLT for a TIVAP-RI due to CoNS.

Antimicrobial for 7 or 14 Days for Febrile Urinary Tract Infection in Men: A Multicenter Noninferiority Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: The optimal duration of antimicrobial therapy for urinary tract infections (UTIs) in men remains controversial.

Methods: To compare 7 days to 14 days of total antibiotic treatment for febrile UTIs in men, this multicenter randomized, double-blind. placebo-controlled noninferiority trial enrolled 282 men from 27 centers in France.

Multicenter Evaluation of the FilmArray Blood Culture Identification 2 Panel for Pathogen Detection in Bloodstream Infections.

The FilmArray Blood Culture Identification 2 panel (BCID2; bioMérieux) is a fully automated PCR-based assay for identifying bacteria, fungi, and bacterial resistance markers in positive blood cultures (BC) in about 1 h. In this multicenter study, we evaluated the performance of the BCID2 panel for pathogen detection in positive BC. Conventional culture and BCID2 were performed in parallel at four tertiary-care hospitals.

Case Report: Hyperammonemic Encephalopathy Linked to spp. and/or Systemic Infection in Patients Treated for Leukemia, an Emergency Not to Be Missed.

Background: Hyperammonemic encephalopathy caused by spp. and infection has been reported in immunocompromised patients undergoing lung transplant, but data are scarce in patients with hematological malignancies.

Case Presentation: We describe the cases of 3 female patients aged 11-16 years old, developing initially mild neurologic symptoms, rapidly evolving to coma and associated with very high ammonia levels, while undergoing intensive treatment for acute leukemia (chemotherapy: 2 and hematopoietic stem cell transplant: 1).

Hyaluronic Acid and Chondroitin Sulphate Treatment for Recurrent Severe Urinary Tract Infections due to Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli in a Patient With Multiple Sclerosis: Case Report and Literature Review.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common bacterial infections in patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction. Antibiotic options for prophylaxis or curative treatment in case of recurrent UTIs, especially due to multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO), are scarce. We present the case of a 72-year-old man with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction and history of frequent recurrent UTIs due to multiple MDROs who was successfully treated with hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) bladder instillations.

Characteristics and prognosis of Herpesviridae-related pneumonia in critically ill burn patients.

Background: The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence, characteristics and outcome of critically burn patients with pulmonary HSV reactivation.

Methods: Retrospective, single-center cohort study in a burn critical care unit in a tertiary center, including all consecutive severely burn patients with bronchoalveolar lavage performed for pneumoniae suspicion and screened for HSV from January 2013 and April 2017. We used logistic regression to identify factors associated with HSV reactivation and outcomes.

Rapid identification of bacteria from respiratory samples of patients hospitalized in intensive care units, with FilmArray Pneumonia Panel Plus.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of FilmArray Pneumonia Panel Plus (FA-PP) for the detection of typical bacterial pathogens in respiratory samples from patients hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs).

Methods: FA-PP was implemented for clinical use in the microbiology laboratory in March 2020. A retrospective analysis on a consecutive cohort of adult patients hospitalized in ICUs between March 2020 and May 2020 was undertaken.

Temocillin versus carbapenems for urinary tract infection due to ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae: a multicenter matched case-control study.

Objectives: To compare the efficacy of temocillin with carbapenems for extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae urinary tract infections (ESBL-E UTI).

Methods: A multicenter retrospective case-control study of adults with ESBL-E UTI was conducted between January 2015 and October 2019. Cases received temocillin ≥ 50% of the effective antibiotic therapy duration and controls exclusively received carbapenem; they were statistically matched (1:1 ratio) on 6-month period, sex and age.

Fosfomycin-trometamol (FT) or fluoroquinolone (FQ) as single-dose prophylaxis for transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUS-PB): A prospective cohort study.

Objectives: The increasing incidence of fluoroquinolones (FQ) resistance may lower its efficacy in preventing UTI following transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUS-PB). We assessed the efficacy and safety of FQ and fosfomycin-trometamol (FT) in patients undergoing TRUS-PB.

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted between April 2017 and June 2019 and enrolled men undergoing TRUS-PB and receiving a single-dose of FQ (FQ-arm) or FT (FT-arm) for UTI prophylaxis per physician's choice.

Performance of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction panel for identifying bacterial pathogens causing pneumonia in critically ill patients with COVID-19.

The FilmArray® Pneumonia Plus (FA-PP) panel can provide rapid identifications and semiquantitative results for many pathogens. We performed a prospective single-center study in 43 critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in which we performed 96 FA-PP tests and cultures of blind bronchoalveolar lavage (BBAL). FA-PP detected 1 or more pathogens in 32% (31/96 of samples), whereas culture methods detected at least 1 pathogen in 35% (34/96 of samples).

Continuous infusion of ceftolozane/tazobactam is associated with a higher probability of target attainment in patients infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Ceftolozane/tazobactam (CTZ/TZ) exhibits time-dependent antimicrobial activity, and prolonged infusion can better achieve the pharmacodynamic target than an intermittent bolus. We aimed to compare the use of prolonged or continuous infusion with intermittent administration of CTZ/TZ for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We performed a multicentric prospective cohort study to evaluate continuous, prolonged, or intermittent infusion of CTZ/TZ.

Incidence, risk factors and outcome of multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii nosocomial infections during an outbreak in a burn unit.

Background: Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MR-AB) can cause outbreaks in burn units. We aimed to study the incidence, risk factors and outcome of MR-AB infections in a burn unit (BU).

Methods: A prospective study was conducted from April to November, 2014 during an outbreak in a BU in Paris.

Impact of an Acinetobacter baumannii outbreak on kidney events in a burn unit: A targeted machine learning analysis.

Background: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria outbreaks represent a major threat in intensive care units. Patients may then be exposed to drug-related direct toxicity during such outbreaks. The objective of this study was to explore the impact of an outbreak of imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (IR-AB) on renal outcomes.

Outcome and potentially modifiable risk factors for candidemia in critically ill burns patients: A matched cohort study.

Background: Patients with extensive burns are at risk of developing candidemia.

Objectives: To identify potentially modifiable risk factors and outcomes of candidemia in critically ill burns patients.

Patients And Methods: Retrospective matched cohort study including adult burns patients.