Evaluation of safety of fluoxetine for cerebellar mutism syndrome in children after posterior fossa surgery.

Background: Cerebellar mutism syndrome (CMS) occurs in 8-29 % of children undergoing posterior fossa tumor surgery. Its main symptoms are mutism and emotional lability. Although it is always transient, recovery time can be lengthy with long-term cognitive sequelae.

Fully automated radiolabeling of [Ga]Ga-EMP100 targeting c-MET for PET-CT clinical imaging.

Background: c-MET is a transmembrane receptor involved in many biological processes and contributes to cell proliferation and migration during cancer invasion process. Its expression is measured by immunehistochemistry on tissue biopsy in clinic, although this technique has its limitations. PET-CT could allow in vivo mapping of lesions expressing c-MET, providing whole-body detection.

[Tyrosine kinase receptor gene fusion: A series of four cases of infantile-type hemispheric glioma].

Introduction: Infant-type hemispheric gliomas belong to pediatric-type diffuse high-grade gliomas according to the 2021 WHO classification of central nervous system tumors. They are characterized by tyrosine kinase gene rearrangements (NTRK1/2/3, ALK, ROS1, MET). The aim of the study was to describe the clinical, histopathologic, and molecular characteristics of such tumors, and to provide a review of the literature.

What surgical approach for left-sided eloquent glioblastoma: biopsy, resection under general anesthesia or awake craniotomy?

Purpose: Neurosurgeons use three main surgical approaches for left-sided glioblastoma (GB) in eloquent areas: biopsy, tumor resection under general anesthesia (GA), and awake craniotomy (AC) with brain mapping for maximal safe resection. We performed a retrospective study of functional and survival outcomes for left-sided eloquent GB, comparing these surgical approaches.

Methods: We included 87 patients with primary left-sided eloquent GB from two centers, one performing AC and the other biopsy or resection under GA.

Chiari malformation type I surgery in children: French multicenter 10-year cohort.

Objective: Chiari malformation type I (CM-I) is frequent in children and remains a surgical challenge. Several techniques have been described for posterior fossa decompression. No decision algorithm has been validated, and strategies are highly variable between institutions.

Immersive Virtual Reality and Ocular Tracking for Brain Mapping During Awake Surgery: Prospective Evaluation Study.

Background: Language mapping during awake brain surgery is currently a standard procedure. However, mapping is rarely performed for other cognitive functions that are important for social interaction, such as visuospatial cognition and nonverbal language, including facial expressions and eye gaze. The main reason for this omission is the lack of tasks that are fully compatible with the restrictive environment of an operating room and awake brain surgery procedures.

What effects does awake craniotomy have on functional and survival outcomes for glioblastoma patients?

Purpose: Neurosurgeons adopt several different surgical approaches to deal with glioblastomas (GB) located in or near eloquent areas. Some attempt maximal safe resection by awake craniotomy (AC), but doubts persist concerning the real benefits of this type of surgery in this situation. We performed a retrospective study to evaluate the extent of resection (EOR), functional and survival outcomes after AC of patients with GB in critical locations.

Immersing Patients in a Virtual Reality Environment for Brain Mapping During Awake Surgery: Safety Study.

Background: Brain mapping by direct electrical stimulation during awake craniotomy is now a standard procedure that reduces the risk of permanent neurologic deficits. Virtual reality technology immerses the patient in a virtually controlled, interactive world, offering a unique opportunity to develop innovative tasks for perioperative mapping of complex cognitive functions. The objective of this prospective single-center study was to evaluate the tolerance and safety of a virtual reality headset (VRH) and immersive virtual experiences in patients undergoing awake craniotomy and brain mapping by direct electrical stimulation.

Long-term visual acuity in patients with optic pathway glioma treated during childhood with up-front BB-SFOP chemotherapy-Analysis of a French pediatric historical cohort.

Background: Visual outcome is one of the main issues in the treatment of optic pathway glioma in childhood. Although the prognostic factors of low vision have been discussed extensively, no reliable indicators for visual loss exist. Therefore, we aimed to define initial and evolving factors associated with long-term vision loss.

Association of transcallosal motor fibres with function of both hands after unilateral neonatal arterial ischemic stroke.

Aim: The objective of this study was to investigate the involvement of the motor fibres of the corpus callosum after unilateral neonatal arterial ischemic stroke (NAIS) of the middle cerebral artery territory and the relationship to both ipsilesional and contralesional hand function.

Method: Using high-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional MRI, and magnetic resonance diffusion-tractography, we compared the midsagittal area of the motor part of the corpus callosum (defined by the fibres connecting the precentral gyri) between 33 7-year-old children after unilateral NAIS and 31 typically developing 7-year-old children. Hand motor performance was assessed by the box and blocks test.

Management of hydrocephalus in pediatric metastatic tumors of the posterior fossa at presentation.

Purpose: Presence of metastases in newly diagnosed pediatric posterior fossa tumors (PFT) is not a rare situation, but optimal treatment of associated hydrocephalus in these children has remained undetermined.

Methods: Twenty-nine children treated between January 2005 and December 2015 for a metastatic PFT associated with hydrocephalus constituted the study cohort. Patients were divided into three groups: ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS), endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV), and temporary ventricular drainage before or during tumor resection (PVD).

Psychiatric and Psychologic Impact of Surgery While Awake in Children for Resection of Brain Tumors.

Background: Intraoperative direct stimulation during surgery while awake is considered to be the gold standard for identifying eloquent cortical sites. Only a few studies have referenced the psychologic impact of this event in the pediatric population.

Objective: The aim of this clinical study is to present the psychologic aspects of surgery while awake in children.

[Immunotherapy in brain tumors].

Diffuse gliomas represent the most common primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors in adults and children alike. Glioblastoma is the most frequent and malignant form of diffuse glioma with a median overall survival of 15 months despite aggressive treatments. New therapeutic approaches are needed to prolong survival in this always fatal disease.

Arteries and Veins of the Cerebellum.

Surgery of the posterior fossa represents a technical challenge because of the proximity of the vessels of the cerebellum. If the arterial vascularization of the cerebellum is well known, the main arterial variations and the whole venous vascularization are probably under recognized. We describe the vascular organization and the main variations through photographs of colored latex perfused brains, obtained with a surgical microscope.

Does Contralesional Hand Function After Neonatal Stroke Only Depend on Lesion Characteristics?

Background And Purpose: In children having suffered from neonatal arterial ischemic stroke, the relationship between contralesional hand performance and structural changes in brain areas remote from the infarct site was examined.

Methods: Using voxel-based morphometry, we correlated contralesional gross manual dexterity assessed by the box and block test and whole-brain gray and white-matter volume changes on high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging in 37 7-year-old post-neonatal arterial ischemic stroke children. We also compared the volume of the identified structures with magnetic resonance imaging data of 10 typically developing age-matched children.

Relationship between somatosensory deficit and brain somatosensory system after early brain lesion: A morphometric study.

Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a group of permanent motor disorders due to non-progressive damage to the developing brain. Poor tactile discrimination is common in children with unilateral CP. Previous findings suggest the crucial role of structural integrity of the primary (S1) and secondary (S2) somatosensory areas located in the ipsilesional hemisphere for somatosensory function processing.

Can we improve accuracy and reliability of MRI interpretation in children with optic pathway glioma? Proposal for a reproducible imaging classification.

Introduction: Magnetic resonance (MR) images from children with optic pathway glioma (OPG) are complex. We initiated this study to evaluate the accuracy of MR imaging (MRI) interpretation and to propose a simple and reproducible imaging classification for MRI.

Methods: We randomly selected 140 MRIs from among 510 MRIs performed on 104 children diagnosed with OPG in France from 1990 to 2004.

Long term motor function after neonatal stroke: Lesion localization above all.

Motor outcome is variable following neonatal arterial ischemic stroke (NAIS). We analyzed the relationship between lesion characteristics on brain MRI and motor function in children who had suffered from NAIS. Thirty eight full term born children with unilateral NAIS were investigated at the age of seven.

Arteries and Veins of the Sylvian Fissure and Insula: Microsurgical Anatomy.

We present a vascular anatomical study of the arteries and veins of the sylvian fissure and insula.A good knowledge of the sylvian fissure, the insula, and their vascular relationship would seem mandatory before performing surgery in this area, whatever the type of surgery (aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, insular tumors).We start with the sylvian fissure and insula morphology, followed by the MCA description and its perforators, with special attention paid to the insular perforators.

Specificities of Awake Craniotomy and Brain Mapping in Children for Resection of Supratentorial Tumors in the Language Area.

Background: In the pediatric population, awake craniotomy began to be used for the resection of brain tumor located close to eloquent areas. Some specificities must be taken into account to adapt this method to children.

Objective: The aim of this clinical study is to not only confirm the feasibility of awake craniotomy and language brain mapping in the pediatric population but also identify the specificities and necessary adaptations of the procedure.

Mortality in Children with Optic Pathway Glioma Treated with Up-Front BB-SFOP Chemotherapy.

Background: In terms of overall survival (OS), limited data are available for the very long-term outcomes of children treated for optic pathway glioma (OPG) with up-front chemotherapy. Therefore, we undertook this study with the aim of clarifying long-term OS and causes of death in these patients.

Methods: We initiated and analyzed a historical cohort study of 180 children with OPG treated in France with BB-SFOP chemotherapy between 1990 and 2004.