Defining clavicle growth in infancy using chest radiographs.

Background: Despite the critical role of the clavicle in understanding growth and development in early childhood, there remains a notable paucity of comprehensive studies investigating clavicle growth patterns during this crucial period. This hinders our ability to establish normative growth parameters during these early life stages. Our study sought to measure clavicle dimensions and subsequently construct growth curves spanning from preterm infants to toddlers up to the age of 6 years by measuring routine chest radiographs.

[Congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT) : Embryology in radiology and fetal magnetic resonance imaging].

Clinical Problem: Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are very common findings in fetal diagnostics. Their effects range from variants without pathological significance to pronounced functional impairment with the need for renal replacement therapy in childhood. Sometimes the genital organs are also affected.

Functional MR urography in children - update 2023.

Background: Functional MR urography (fMRU) has developed into an innovative, radiation-free option for assessing parameters of kidney function in pediatric radiology. The importance of fMRU in comparison to the standardized established nuclear medicine procedure (99mTc-Mercapto-acetyltriglycerine, MAG3 scintigraphy) is shown using SWOT analysis.

Methods: To assess the current state of research, a selective literature search was carried out in PubMed.

Whole-body diffusion magnetic resonance imaging with simultaneous multi-slice excitation in children and adolescents.

Background: Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) is an increasingly used guideline-based imaging modality for oncological and non-oncological pathologies during childhood and adolescence. While diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), a part of WB-MRI, enhances image interpretation and improves sensitivity, it also requires the longest acquisition time during a typical WB-MRI scan protocol. Interleaved short tau inversion recovery (STIR) DWI with simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) acquisition is an effective way to speed up examinations.

Ultrasound elastography in children - nice to have for scientific studies or arrived in clinical routine?

Ultrasound elastography (USE) is a modality that in addition to fundamental B-mode, Doppler, and contrast-enhanced sonography is suitable to make qualitative and quantitative statements about the stiffness of tissues. Introduced more than 20 years ago in adults, USE becomes now a diagnostic tool also in children. The aim of this paper is to describe current available techniques for USE in children.

In vitro measurements of radiation exposure with different modalities (computed tomography, cone beam computed tomography) for imaging the petrous bone with a pediatric anthropomorphic phantom.

Background: Various imaging modalities, such as multi-detector computed tomography (CT) and cone beam CT are commonly used in infants for the diagnosis of hearing loss and surgical planning of implantation hearing aid devices, with differing results.

Objective: We compared three different imaging modalities available in our institution, including a high-class CT scanner, a mid-class CT scanner and an angiography system with a cone beam CT option, for image quality and radiation exposure in a phantom study.

Materials And Methods: While scanning an anthropomorphic phantom imitating a 1-year-old child with vendor-provided routine protocols, organ doses, surface doses and effective doses were determined for these three modalities with thermoluminescent dosimeters.

Evaluation of the post-processing algorithms SimGrid and S-Enhance for paediatric intensive care patients and neonates.

Background: Post-processing software can be used in digital radiography to achieve higher image quality, especially in cases of scattered radiation. SimGrid is a grid-like software based on a Convolutional Neuronal Network that estimates the distribution and degree of scattered radiation in radiographs and thus improves image quality by simulating an anti-scatter grid. S-Enhance is an algorithm programmed to improve contrast visibility of foreign material.

Ultrashort echo time MRI of the lung in children and adolescents: comparison with non-enhanced computed tomography and standard post-contrast T1w MRI sequences.

Objectives: To compare the diagnostic value of ultrashort echo time (UTE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the lung versus the gold standard computed tomography (CT) and two T1-weighted MRI sequences in children.

Methods: Twenty-three patients with proven oncologic disease (14 male, 9 female; mean age 9.0 + / - 5.

Safety and parents´ acceptance of ultrasound contrast agents in children and adolescents - contrast enhanced voiding urosonography and contrast enhanced ultrasound.

Aims: To evaluate the safety of the contrast enhanced voiding urosonography (ceVUS) and contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in children and adolescence and to receive data about parents' acceptance of intravesical and intravenous application of sulfur hexafluoride.

Material And Methods: In this prospective, single centre study conducted over a 1 year study period, parents of 56 children (f/m=32/24; mean age 3.1 years; range 3 weeks - 15.

Case Report: Report of 2 Different Cases of Ovarian Teratoma Evaluated by Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound.

Ovarian masses are not easily differentiated on transabdominal ultrasound in children. A useful supplement in various pediatric applications is dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (dynCEUS). It can be performed quickly and easily.

[Diagnosis of vesicoureterorenal Reflux: pro ceVUS].

There are various imaging modalities available for the diagnosis of vesicoureterorenal reflux. In childhood, it is important to use the gentlest diagnostic technique available. Contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography (ceVUS) allows for dynamic imaging of the urinary tract without exposure to ionising radiation.

Comparison of Unenhanced T1-Weighted Signal Intensities Within the Dentate Nucleus and the Globus Pallidus After Serial Applications of Gadopentetate Dimeglumine Versus Gadobutrol in a Pediatric Population.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare changes in T1-weighted signal intensity (SI) within the dentate nucleus (DN) and globus pallidus (GP) in a pediatric population after serial applications of the linear gadolinium-based magnetic resonance contrast medium gadopentetate dimeglumine and the more stable macrocyclic agent gadobutrol.

Materials And Methods: Institutional review board approval was obtained. Two similar pediatric patient cohorts who underwent at least 3 serial contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations with sole application of gadopentetate dimeglumine or gadobutrol were analyzed.

Combined magnetic resonance imaging of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary arteries after a single injection of a blood pool contrast agent.

Objective: Agreement rate between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Doppler ultrasound (DUS) for the detection of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the lower extremities was attempted by using the intravascular MRI contrast agent gadofosveset trisodium. The potential of this method to detect pulmonary embolism (PE) was also evaluated.

Material And Methods: Forty-three consecutive inpatients with ultrasound-confirmed DVT but no clinical signs of PE were prospectively enrolled in this feasibility study.